pneumonia‚ including bacteria‚ viruses‚ mycoplasmas‚ fungal agents‚ and protozoa. (Black‚ 2009) Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most commonly identified pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia. Other pathogens that may cause pneumonia are Haemophilus influenza and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. (Schmitt‚ 2011) Many clients with pneumonia may have flushed cheeks‚ bright eyes‚ chest or pleuritic pain or discomfort‚ myalgia‚ headache‚ chills‚ fever‚ cough‚ tachycardia‚ tachypnea‚ and sputum production
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Kenneth Todar –AUTHOR Introduction to The Microbial World © 2009 Kenneth Todar PhD Figure 1. The bacterium‚ Legionella. American Society for Microbiology. The Microbial World The microbial world is a realm of life made up of microorganisms and viruses. Microbiology is the branch of biological sciences concerned with the study of these microbes. Microorganisms are unicellular organisms (capable of existence as single cells)‚ too small to be seen with the naked eye. Among all forms of
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Communicable Diseases and Skin Disorders (13 questions) Common terms that are applied to skin lesions: Erythema – A reddened area caused by increased amounts of unoxygenated blood in the dermal vasculature. Ecchymoses (bruises) – Localized red or purple discolorations caused by extravasation of blood into the dermis and subcutaneous tissues Petechiae – Pinpoint‚ tiny‚ and sharp circumscribed spots in the superficial layers of the epidermis Primary lesions- Skin changes produced by a causative
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ENCOURAGING BREASTFEEDING: A REVIEW OF BREASTFEEDING BENEFITS AND THE BABY FRIENDLY HOSPITAL INITIATIVE Adlina Suleiman‚ MD‚ MPH International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (New York) Baby Friendly Hospital National Assessor Zainab Kassim‚ MRCPI(Paeds) Paediatric Consultant and Lecturer‚ International Islamic University Siti Norjinah Moin President‚ Malaysian Breastfeeding Association Baby Friendly Hospital International Assessor
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Evaluation of antidiabetic and antimicrobial activity of jasminum grandiflorum leaves INTRODUTION 1.1. The pancreas and insulin formation The pancreas is an elongated organ situated next to the first part of the small intestine. It is both an endocrine gland that produces hormones‚ such as insulin and glucagon‚ and an exocrine gland producing digestive enzymes‚ such as trypsin and chymotrypsin (Martini‚ 2004). It is located behind the stomach‚ between the spleen and the duodenum (see Figure
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By far the most common cause of chronic bronchitis is cigarette SMOKING‚ but air pollution and industrial fume and dust inhalation are also important irritants. Patients with chronic bronchitis are subject to recurrent infections with H. influenzae and pneumococci. Pulmonary EMPHYSEMA often coexists‚ and over a long period of time the patient may suffer from increasing breathlessness‚ decreasing exercise tolerance‚ and‚ finally‚ total disability. In the most severe forms of the disease
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Chancroid is a bacterial infection. The bacteria that causes it is called Haemophilus ducreyi. Chancroid is spread through sexual contact. Within one day to two weeks after acquiring chancroid a person will get a small bump called the ulcer on their genitals. A ulcer is painful‚ soft‚ and has sharply defined borders. It has a base that is covered with a yellowish-gray material. The base bleeds easily if banged or scraped. Most men only get one ulcer while most women get four. (https://medlineplus
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The Hepatitis B vaccination‚ it is a plasma-derived vaccine that was licensed in 1981. This vaccination is composed of HBsAg (Hep B virus itself) particles that are purified form the plasma of the chronically infected human. The duration of this vaccination is 20 or more years. The first dose is when the child is born the second booster injection occurs from the first to second month‚ and the third one can be given anytime from 6 to 18 months. The round there are five vaccinations are giving at the
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prevented using Td vaccine. Pertussis in Haemophilus influenza type B has been shown to be as a result of parents not embracing vaccination according to the recent measles outbreak. The outbreaks have underscored the necessity for continued efforts in educating the community regarding the efficiency and safety of the currently licensed vaccines. Polio has been the most feared illness during childhood. Polio has caused paralysis and most deaths in the past. A dramatic polio increase was experienced
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Characteristics Microorganism 1. What is the causative organism (genus and species) for the disease? Legionella pheumophilia Family Pseudomonacea: Pseudomona aeruginosa Family Pasteurellaceae Haemophilus influenza Bordetella pertussis 2. Is the causative organism a virus‚ bacterium‚ protest‚ mold or yeast? Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria 3. General characteristics. Morphology: Bacilli pleomorphic-( cocci ->filaments) varies Motility: flagella Gram
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