Cultural Distance Assignment IIB 1. What is the formula developed by Kogut and Singh in 1988 in the Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS)? Explain the formula in your own words. CDj is the cultural distance between the host country (j) and the home country (in this case Germany). It is calculated with a summation of 4 different variables indicating different cultural dimensions. These are uncertainty avoidance‚ power distance‚ individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity
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HIGH AND LOW CONTEXT: HOW MUCH INFORMATION IS ENOUGH? Context is the information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably bound up with the meaning of that event. The elements that combine to produce a given meaning - events and context - are in different proportions depending on the culture. The cultures of the world can be compared on a scale from high to low context. A high context (HC) communication or message is one in which most of the information is already in the person
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Explain the formula in your own words. 〖CD〗_j=∑_(i=1)^4▒{ (I_ij-I_iDE )^2/V_i}/4 CDj is the cultural distance between the host country and the home country (in this case Germany). The I’s are the scores on the ith cultural dimensions from Hofstede‚ so in this case the four scores for PD‚ UAV‚ IND and MAS. Vi is the variance of the score of this dimensions. The variances for all dimensions can be calculated in excel. 2. What is the difference between mean and variance? Can you explain
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Understanding Hofstede’s 5 Cultural Dimensions Geert Hofstede devoted over a decade to researching cultural differences and developed an internationally recognized model of cultural dimensions. There are five main dimensions of culture that serve as a guide to understanding intercultural communications‚ business‚ and effective social exchange. The five dimensions are Power Distance‚ Individualism‚ Masculinity‚ Uncertainty Avoidance‚ and Long-Term Orientation and were developed to provide a method
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effectively is challenging. One notable challenge appears to be the correlation between the inherent cultural background (see footnote) of a mentor/mentee (see footnote) and the necessary characteristics and qualities required by a mentor/mentee‚ as recognized and generally accepted by informed research‚ to make such a program successful. Although many researchers discuss the challenges of cross-cultural mentoring (see Shore et al‚ 2008. St Claire-Oswald‚ 2007)‚ my aim is to draw attention to the challenges
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Variations in Value Orientations (low > high) Relation to Nature – Subjugation‚ Harmony‚ Mastery Time Orientation – Past‚ Present‚ Future Basic Human Nature – Evil‚ Neutral/Mixed‚ Good Activity Orientation – Being‚ Contain/Control‚ Doing Relationships among People – Ind. Group‚ Hierarchical Space Orientation – Private‚ Mixed‚ Public Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Values (1980‚ 2001) – work-related values Individualism / collectivism Low / High Power Distance Weak / Strong Uncertainty Avoidance
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of life. Notorious Japanese workaholism is another expression of their masculinity. It is still hard for women to climb up the corporate ladders in Japan with their masculine norm of hard and long working hours. Uncertainty avoidance The dimension Uncertainty Avoidance has to do with the way that a society deals with the fact that the future can never be known: should we try to control the future or just let it happen? This ambiguity brings with it anxiety and different cultures have learnt
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27‚ 2011 Gung-Ho And Office Space: How NOT To Manage Chapter 1 of James C. McCroskey’s “Organizational Communication for Survival” states that “some people believe ‘competent communication’ is ‘competent communication’ no matter where it is practiced”. (1) I believe this to be entirely untrue. Subordinate to subordinate communication differs greatly from subordinate to supervisor communication. As is true for different cultures communicating. In the movies “Office Space” and “Gung-Ho” we see two
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Cultural dimensions and dilemmas Culture is a way of life evolved and is jointly owned by a group of people and passed from generation to generation. culture formed of many complex elements‚ including religious and political systems‚ customs‚ languages‚ tools‚ clothing‚ buildings‚ and works of art. Culture also divide by two that is material and non material culture. Material cultural like something that equipment on living like house such as longhouses at Sarawak‚ Eskimo. Non material culture
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Coping with the four dimensions of distance in the international expansion of Starbucks. Maarten de Graaf‚ s1861263 Tom Breteler‚ s2022117 Group 12 13-10-2010 Introduction to International Business Ms. Wilhelm 1. What are the four dimensions of ‘distance’ in Starbuck’s international expansion? The four dimensions are culture‚ administrative‚ geographic and economic distance. 2. How did Starbucks reduce the ‘distance’ vis à vis host countries? Starbucks used many tactics to reduce
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