EXERCISE 3–1: Process Costing and Job-Order Costing [LO1] Which method of determining product costs‚ job-order costing or process costing‚ would be more appropriate in each of the following situations? * a. An Elmer’s glue factory. * b. A textbook publisher such as McGraw-Hill. * c. An Exxon oil refinery. * d. A facility that makes Minute Maid frozen orange juice. * e. A Scott paper mill. * f. A custom home builder. * g. A shop that customizes vans. * h. A
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A process costing system is a costing system in which the cost of a product or service is obtained by assigning costs to masses of like or similar units. Unit costs are then calculated on an average basis. Process costing systems are used in industries that produce like or similar units which are often mass produced. In these industries‚ products are manufactured in a very similar way. The companies usually use the same amount of direct materials‚ direct manufacturing labor costs and manufacturing
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= 7‚000 + (5‚000 × 50%) = 9‚500 units Labor and factory overhead = 7‚000 + (5‚000 × 25%) = 8‚250 units 35‚600 -------$174‚410 ======= 2. Cost of Production Report - Normal Loss: For December‚ the Production Control Department of Carola Chemical‚ Inc.‚ reported the following production data for Department 2: Transferred in from Department 1 Transferred out to Department 3 In process at the end of December 55‚000 liters 39‚500liters 10‚500 liters (with 1/2 labor and factory overhead)
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allocation rate Overhead allocation Job 450 5 DL hours Job 455 5 DL hours × $46/ DL hour $ 230 × $46 / DL hour $ 230 Req. 4 Overhead allocation based on departmental rates: Job 450 Machining Department: Departmental allocation rate × Machine hours used by Job Overhead allocation × $60/ MH 3 MH $180 Job 455 × $60/ MH 6 MH $360 1 Finishing Department: Departmental allocation rate × DL hours used by Job Overhead allocation Total overhead allocation
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I. Discuss Process Costing‚ clearly bringing out its advantages and disadvantages. DEFINITION Costs are accumulated in costing systems. According to Glautier and Underdown (2001)‚ the development of costing systems reflects the manner in which accounting methods have been adapted to the needs of different forms of activity and technology‚ and also to the appearance of advanced manufacturing techniques that have been a feature of recent years. Cost accounting systems allow full product costs to
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MARGINAL COSTING [pic] SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Dr. Shashi Srivastav ABHISHEK KUMAR RAI
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yale case 08-010 American Greetings An Automation versus Outsourcing Dilemma Andrea R. Nagy1 Gene Lee 2 Arthur Swersey3 As part of an industry with generous profit margins and high barriers to entry‚ American th Greetings had spent decades in a comfortable position. Beginning at the turn of the 20 century‚ it had helped to create a mass market for the greeting card and had presided over its growth into a multi-billion-dollar industry. Because the manufacturing of cards—especially those with
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Kaizen Costing What is Kaizen costing? Kaizen is a Japanese term that means continuous improvement. Kaizen events can be defined as making improvements through a process that emphasize small incremental amounts rather than large or radical improvement. Therefore in order to achieve this kaizen costing not include only continuous cost reduction but also continuous improvement of performance by increase the efficiency throughout the process. Why we need Kaizen costing? Market prices of a product
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Sacrifice In order to reach your goals‚ you must sacrifice or give something up. Without sacrifice not many things can be done. Many people such as Steve Jobs‚ Bill Gates‚ and Goodyear sacrificed what they had for success. In order to achieve success or progress‚ people will have to be willing to give up important possessions. Only then the determination for success will be recognized with success. Passion for success was illustrated when Bill Gates created Microsoft. Bill Gates dropped
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Marginal and absorption costing Topic list 1 Marginal cost and marginal costing 2 The principles of marginal costing 3 Marginal costing and absorption costing and the calculation of profit 4 Reconciling profits 5 Marginal costing versus absorption costing Syllabus reference D4 (a) D4 (a) D4 (b)‚ (c) D4 (d) D4 (e) Introduction This chapter defines marginal costing and compares it with absorption costing. Whereas absorption costing recognises fixed costs (usually fixed production costs) as
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