1-chloro-2‚4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) substrate. Sonication of the cells in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.2) with protease inhibitor cocktail (PIC). The GST reaction contained final concentrations of 97 mM potassium phosphate‚ 2.5 mM reduced glutathione‚ 1.0 mM CDNB‚ and 20 mg protein. Absorbance at 340 nm will be recorded at 60 s intervals for 10 min. GST enzyme activity will be validated by inhibition with 500 nM ethacrynic acid under reaction conditions as described above. Activity was recor-
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Biotechnology Advances 27 (2009) 474–488 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biotechnology Advances j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / b i o t e c h a d v Research review paper Transgenic plants for enhanced biodegradation and phytoremediation of organic xenobiotics P.C. Abhilash‚ Sarah Jamil‚ Nandita Singh ⁎ Eco-Auditing Group‚ National Botanical Research Institute‚ Council of Scientific & Industrial Research‚ Rana Pratap Marg‚ Lucknow
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inflammation in the body and to boost their immune system. “Oxidative stress is thought to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease‚ including Crohn’s Disease. Endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD)‚ glutathione‚ and catalase are normally able to counteract oxidative stress in the intestinal mucosa (Inflammation and Immune Response Altered Immune Response‚
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L. Simone‚ John A. Cook‚ Murali C. Krishna‚ and James B. Mitchell. 2007. The Chemistry and Biology of Nitroxide Compounds. Free Radic Biol Med. 42 (11): 1632–1650. Bumpy M. 1997. The mechanism of radiation protection by non-protein sulfhydryls: glutathione‚ cysteine and cysteamine. In: Edward A Bump and Kamal Malaker (eds). Radioprotectors Chemical‚ Biological‚ and Clinical Perspectives. Boca Raton: CRC Press: 25–52. 42 Buettner GR. 2011. Superoxide Dismutase in Redox Biology: The Roles of Superoxide
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Plumbago zeylanica L. belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae is an important plant of medicinal value. P. zeylanica is greatly valued in Ayurveda for treatment of cough‚ asthma and gastrointestinal disorders. In Sushrutha Samhitha it has been described as antiseptic‚ febrifuge‚ detoxicant‚ antihelminthic and considered valuable for curing migraine‚ jaundice‚ urinary calculi‚ internal abscesses‚ seminal weakness‚ vaginal discharges and insanity. In the Arabian Peninsula‚ it is mainly distributed
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and COX-2 activity. The assay can be used to assess the relative selectivity of plant-derived inhibitors on COX-1 and COX-2. Assay conditions were optimized for both enzymes with respect to concentration of cofactors (l-epinephrine‚ reduced glutathione‚ and hematin)‚ activation time (enzyme and cofactors)‚ reaction time‚ and pH. Moreover‚ the kinetic parameters‚ Km and Kcat.‚ of both enzymes were estimated. Five COX inhibitors were used to validate the assay‚ indomethacin‚ aspirin‚ naproxen
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oxidative stress in cells and are therefore useful in the treatment of many human diseases. There are various endogenous and exogenous sources of antioxidants. The endogenous sources include antioxidant enzymes “superoxide dismutase‚ catalase‚ glutathione peroxidase‚ low-molecular weight antioxidants” and exogenous sources such as food sources and medicinal plants (Krishnaiah et al.‚ 2011; Kotebagilu et al.‚
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2.4. Animals One hundred twelve adult male Wistar rats (Pasteur Institute‚ Tehran‚ Iran) weighing 220-250 g were housed in groups of four per cage in a controlled environment (temperature 23±1°C‚ 12h light/dark cycle) with free access to food. Rats were habituated to the new environment for seven days before the test. All experiments were performed in accordance with the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (IR.SBMU.nrc.REC.1390.20) approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the
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Oxford University Press‚ New York 1983. [17] Holmgren‚A.‚Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems. J. Biol. Chem. 1989‚ 264‚ 13963–13966. [18] Kanzok‚ S. M.‚ Fechner‚ A.‚ Bauer‚ H.‚ Ulschmid‚ J. K. et al.‚ Substitution of the thioredoxin system for glutathione reductase in Drosophila melanogaster. Science 2001‚ 291‚ 643–646. [19] Zeller‚ T.‚ Klug‚ G.‚ Thioredoxins in bacteria: Functions in oxidative stress response and regulation of thioredoxin genes. Naturwissenschaften 2006‚ 93‚ 259–266. [20] Serrano
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extract were 30.22‚ 24.44 and 18.19 µmol and in riboflavin treatment at 0.5 ‚1 and 2.5 mM the decreasing values were 31.53‚ 27.79 and 35.11 µ mol‚ respectively compared to infected plants (positive control ). At the same time under viral infection glutathione content was increased compared with healthy plants which their values were (3.64 and 2.41 µmol ) respectively. These values increased in different treatments with jojoba seeds extract and riboflavin which recorded (6.29 and 5.83 µmol) in jojoba
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