Executive Summary Optical fibres are being increasingly used in the telecommunications industry. They are slowly replacing the conventional copper cables due their superior ‘data transmission’ properties. They transmit data via light pulses within glass or plastic strands. Fibre optics fit the material requirements for good data transmission since they are ability to transmit and preserve quality of signals‚ durable and cost-effective. Some of the current materials employed within the industry
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1.2 TEST MARK SCHEME 1. (a) H+(aq) + OH-(aq) à H2O(l) 1 (b) Ba2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) à BaSO4(s) 2 [3] 2. (a) simplete ratio of atoms of each element in a compound (1) 1 (b) (1) × 12 (1) (or definition in terms of moles) 2 (c) CHO = 29 = 6 (1) C6 H6 O6 (1) 2 (d) CH4O+ O2 CO2+2H2O (1) 1 [6] 3. (a) (i) (1) = 1.64(1) allow 1.63 to 1.64 PV = nRT (1) V = (1) if no × 3 CE allow use of p = 100 if answer in dm3 (1) allow 0.162 to 0.166 allow conseq on moles CH2NO2
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Chemical Prperties of Metals Most metals are chemically reactive‚ reacting with oxygen in the air to form oxides over changing timescales (for example iron rusts over years and potassium burns in seconds). The alkali metals react quickest followed by the alkaline earth metals‚ found in the leftmost two groups of the periodic table. Examples: 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O (sodium oxide) 2Ca + O2 → 2CaO (calcium oxide) 4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3 (aluminium oxide) The transition metals take much longer to
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PIEZOELECTRICITY AND APPLICATIONS Piezoelectricity is the ability of some materials such as crystals and certain ceramics‚ to generate an electric potential in response to applied mechanical stress or heat. If the piezo crystals are not short-circuited‚ the applied charge induces a voltage across the material. The word Piezo is derived from the Greek “Piezein”‚ which means to squeeze or press. The piezo material exhibits both “Direct piezo electric effect” as well as ‘Converse piezo electric
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Atomic number | Element | Percent of Mass[2][3][4][5] | Mass (kg)[6] | Atomic percent | Positive health role in mammals[7] | Group | 8 | Oxygen | 65 | 43 | 24 | Yes (water‚ electron acceptor) /No (Reactive Oxygen Species) | 16 | 6 | Carbon | 18 | 16 | 12 | Yes (organic compounds are hydrocarbon derivatives) | 14 | 1 | Hydrogen | 10 | 7 | 63 | Yes (e.g. water) | 1 | 7 | Nitrogen | 3 | 1.8 | 0.58 | Yes (e.g. DNA and amino acids) | 15 | 20 | Calcium | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.24 | Yes (e.g. Calmodulin and Hydroxylapatite inbones)
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superhiEssay: My Life As A Superhero Lately I’ve been pondering the subject of superheroes. Everyone has their favorite – mine is Batman – and I think everyone at some time has fantasized about being one. I know I have. Of course‚ unlike Batman‚ who uses cunning‚ strength‚ battle expertise and a bizarre psychological makeup to his advantage‚ I’m thinking that having superpowers might be one of the prerequisites of the job. Unfortunately‚ most of the powers that are of interest to me‚ especially
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physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1874. The first semiconductor diodes‚ called cat’s whisker diodes‚ developed around 1906‚ were made of mineral crystals such as galena. Today most diodes are made of silicon‚ but other semiconductors such as selenium or germanium are sometimes used. Diodes allow electricity to flow in one course only and block the flow in the opposite course. They may be considered as one-way valves and they are typically used in a range of circuits frequently as a form of protection.
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PERFUME USING ALMOND OR GRAPESEED OILS OBJECTIVE: MATERIALS: * Flower * Spice * Leaves or bark * Jar * Water * Strainer * Jojoba Oil PROCEDURES: 1. Fill an 8 ounce jar with the flower‚ spice‚ leaves or bark. Pack it full. Next‚ pour in the oil until the jar is full. Put on the lid and shake vigorously. 2. Place the jar in a warm‚ dark place and shake every day for at least one week. Remove the lid and smell. If the scent is not strong enough‚ replace the
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from 4 to 5 to 6. As we go from fluorine to neon to sodium‚ the number of valence electrons increases from 7 to 8 and then drops down to 1 when we start the new period with sodium. Within a group--starting with carbon and going down to silicon and germanium--the number of valence electrons stays the same. | | | | C 4 | N 5 | O 6 | F 7 | Ne 8 | Na 1 | | | Si 4 | | | | | | | | Ge 4 | | | | | | A quick way to determine the number of valence electrons for a representative
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CONTENTS |Chapter No |Chapter Name | |I | | | |Introduction to the topic | | |Company profile | | |Product Profile anti radiation mobile chip
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