Despite the ability of cancer cells to rapidly divide in the absence of trophic factors‚ they still require some source of energy. It has been well established that cancer cells‚ like non-cancer cells‚ utilize glucose as a primary energy source. Not only do cancer cells utilize glucose‚ but they take up the molecule in large quantities. This was explained decades ago by Otto Warburg‚ resulting in what is now referred to as the Warburg Effect1. The Warburg Effect explains how cancer cells alter
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processes in the body begin to suffer impairment from oxygen deficiency. This condition is known as "hypoxia". It has been shown that any type of stress to the body will bring oxygen deficiency. TOXIC STRESSES (toxic environment)‚ EMOTIONAL STRESS‚ PHYSICAL TRAUMA (reduces circulation and the subsequent oxygen supply) and INFECTIONS are the four main stresses in today’s modem society. Surprisingly‚ the hypoxia can cause an individual to a variety of
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1.Discuss the significance of Amira’s laboratory findings. The patient‚ Amira’s lab values is as follows; Hematology: hemoglobin 10.1 g/dL; hematocrit 25%; platelets 50‚000/mm3; white blood cell count 2‚000/mm3; differential: neutrophils 20%. The chemotherapy treatment‚ causes a variety of side effects. One of the adverse effect is called as myelosuppression‚ where the bone marrow activity is decreased resulting in fewer red blood cells‚ white blood cells‚ and platelets (National Cancer
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Palsy is one of the most common movement disorders‚ especially in children. Approximately 2.1 per 1000 births are diagnosed with this disorder (CDC 2013). Causes of cerebral palsy range from preterm birth and birth complications to poor genetics to hypoxia or inflammation in the newborn brain. Since many causes of cerebral palsy occur prenatally rather than postnatally or perinatally‚ and given that it is hard to isolate any one of these factors as the cause‚ it is very difficult to determine whether
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being 41 weeks pregnant. The writer knows that serious problems such as placental insufficiency leading to decrease in amniotic fluid volume (ogliohydramnios) and umbilical cord compression‚ fetal compromise due hypoxia from meconium aspiration‚ and postmaturity syndrome which is hypoxia and malnourishment in the fetus (Ashwill‚ James‚ McKinney‚ Murray‚ & Nelson 2013). The writer also observed an external fetal monitor on the patient’s abdomen. An external fetal monitor consists of the devices of
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Hypoxemia‚ acidemia‚ and alkalemia are important concepts which should be understood before beginning. Hypoxemia is a term which refers to a lowered blood oxygen content. This term and the term hypoxia are probably quite familiar to most nurses. They both will be used as meaning exactly the same. Hypoxia is the basis of one part of interpretation process. From above‚ we know
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73. They combined the proliferation-invasion model with information on the molecular level dynamics of tumor growth referred to as the proliferation-invasion-hypoxia–necrosis–angiogenesis (PIHNA) model. Their model characterized glioblastoma tumor by partitioning the malignant tumor cells into subpopulations including normoxic and hypoxic cells‚ necrotic tissue‚ and neo-angiogenic vasculature and angiogenic factors
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Chapter 22-Respiratory System Which of the following is not a function of the nasal conchae and mucosa? Filter the air entering the nasal cavity. Extract heat and moisture from the air leaving the nasal cavity. Heat and moisten the air entering the nasal cavity. Destroy pathogens entering the nasopharynx Which of the following respiratory structures is more commonly known as the "throat"? =throat The _________________ is also known as the "guardian of the airways".
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CELL INJURY: CAUSES OF CELL INJURY‚ MECHANISMS OF REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY. CELL INJURY. Causes of cell injury range from gross mechanical external causes to mild endogenous causes as genetic lack of enzymes etc. Virtually all forms of tissue injuries start with molecular or structural alterations in cells. Under normal conditions‚ the cells are in: ❖ homeostastatic „steady“ state Normal cell is confined to relatively narrow range of functions and structure by
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nursing intervention is to maintain an oxygen administration device as ordered‚ the goal is to keep the patient at an oxygen saturation level of 90% or greater. It’s imperative to avoid a high concentration of oxygen in patients with COPD because hypoxia stimulates the drive to breathe in patients that constantly retain carbon dioxide‚ creating an air hunger reaction (Ackley‚ 2011). It is important to pace the activities and schedule rest periods to prevent fatigue. Activities will increase oxygen
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