States of matter are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. Historically‚ the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in bulk properties. Solid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume and shape; liquid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume but adapts to the shape of its container; and gas is the state in which matter expands to occupy whatever volume is available. This diagram shows the nomenclature for the different phase transitions
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The physics concepts that were illustrated in our egg drop project were momentum and energy. In the project‚ we saw how momentum increases as a normal egg without anything to slow it down would crack. That was because the longer that the egg fell‚ the more momentum the egg gains. We also saw that by adding resistance during the fall‚ such as a plastic bag “parachute”‚ would slow down the egg enough so that it would not crack when it reached impact with the ground. The other concept that was discussed
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Port-Hamiltonian formulation for plasma control in Tokamak reactors Trang VU‚ Laurent LEFEVRE and Bernhard MASCHKE Abstract— A port-Hamiltonian model is derived for tokamak plasma current profile dynamics. Magnetohydrodynamics and energy balance equations are first written in port-Hamiltonian formalism using Stokes-Dirac structures in 3D forms and a specific interconnection structure for the magneto-hydrodynamical coupling. A balance preserving reduction scheme is applied to the 3D models‚ assuming
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Engrineering Statics E-ASSIGNMENT No. 1 Submitted to: Muhammad Amir Gulnawaz Submitted by: Muhammad Suleman Rauf Roll no: 12–ME-49 1st Semester Mechanical Engineering What is engineering? Engineering is the application of scientific‚ economic‚ social‚ and practical knowledge‚ in order to design‚
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matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast‚ massless particles‚ such as photons‚ are not considered matter‚ because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However‚ not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume‚ since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless‚ quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter‚" and their interactions contribute to the
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Singapore Polytechnic School of Chemical and Life Sciences Basic Mathematics [MS2125] Active Learning Assignment Part I Submitted by: Yap Xin Yi (1416237) Yjasmin Yvette Morales Naquila (1452129) DCHE/FT/1A/06 Date of submission: 18 July 2014 Q1. Fill in the table below: (The table below is to help you in your brain-storming; you do not need to be specific or accurate at this stage‚ but try to think divergently.) (5 marks) What do we know about this problem? (i.e. what information is
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Brittany Thomaston December 4‚ 2013 Chemistry 409 Dr. Doba Jackson Thermodynamics within a Heat Engine Physical chemistry can be considered anything that undergoes a physical or chemical change using the underlying concepts of mathematics and physics. According to chemist Gilbert Newton Lewis‚ “Physical chemistry is everything that is interesting” (ACS). When you think about it‚ physical chemistry is all around us in the world we live in today. Some aspects of physical chemistry can even range
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BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS According to quantum free electron theory of metals‚ a electron in a metal experiences constant(or zero) potential and free to move inside the crystal but will not come out of the metal because an infinite potential exists at the surface. Bloch Theorem: According to this theorem‚ the periodic potentials due to the positive ions in metal have been considered. (i.e. the electrons moves in a periodic potential provided by lattice). If the electron moves through these ions‚
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APPLIED PHYSICS - II (MODERN PHYSICS) Course Code: BTC 205 Credit Units: 02 Course Objectives: Aim of this course is to introduce the students to fundamentals of graduate level physics which form the basis of all applied science and engineering Course Contents: Module I: Special Theory of Relativity Michelson-Morley experiment‚ Importance of negative result‚ Inertial & non-inertial frames of reference‚ Einstein’s postulates of Special theory of Relativity‚ Space-time coordinate
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wavelength and an index of refraction greater than one for frequencies below the natural frequency of the oscillators (otherwise the phase shift corresponds to a speed greater than c in the material‚ with index of refraction less than one). At a fundamental level this phase velocity‚ greater or less than c‚ is of no particular physical significance‚ because it only applies to the overly-simplified case of singlefrequency sinusoidal radiation permeating all space‚ and such radiation cannot carry a
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