Formal and informal institutions’ lending policies and access to credit by small-scale enterprises in Kenya: An empirical assessment By Rosemary Atieno University of Nairobi AERC Research Paper 111 African Economic Research Consortium‚ Nairobi November 2001 © 2001‚ African Economic Research Consortium. Published by: The African Economic Research Consortium P.O. Box 62882 Nairobi‚ Kenya Printed by: The Regal Press Kenya‚ Ltd. P.O. Box 46116 Nairobi‚ Kenya ISBN 9966-944-52-4
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"A business report is an orderly‚ unbiased communication of factual information that serves some business purpose." Reports provide feedback to the manager on various aspects of organization. The information is needed for reviewing and evaluating progress‚ planning for future course of action and taking decisions. Reports can be written in direct and indirect method/approach: The Direct approach saves time and makes the report easier to understand by giving readers the main idea first. This
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Formal cultural system is essential to creating an ethical workplace. In the simplest form‚ an ethical workplace can be described as an organization whereby ethical behavior is practices and spread among its entire employees. Upon joining an organization‚ individual employees naturally become part of an organization culture that influences them in how they think and behave ethically. So‚ what is an organization culture? It is defined as the underlying assumption‚ beliefs‚ values‚ attitude and expectation
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Communication in organisations can follow both formal channels; theses are designated by organisational structure and lines of command‚ and informal channels‚ known often as the grapevine. Formal communication generally follows the pathways that are outlined in an organisational structure chart. Informal on the other hand has no defined patterns of interaction and is somewhat random. In addition to these formal and informal methods of communication‚ some scholars have argued that communication
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Issues in Communication and the Legal System Communication is defined as the “a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols‚ signs‚ or behavior (“Communication‚” 2011). The two most common types of communication are verbal and non-verbal forms of communication as professionals in the criminal justice system must be able to speak and write clearly and coherently. Being able to effectively communicate verbally also requires attentive listening
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Effective Communication Communication comes in many forms. Two of the most commonly used are written and oral communication. It is very important to know how to do both with respect‚ common courtesy and proper etiquette. The way you communicate with the public says a lot about you. It lets people know if you are educated or uneducated. In the Criminal Justice field‚ communication is everything. When reports have to be written accurately is the top priority. One single wording or misspelling
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Restorative Justice 1 Running Head: RESTORATIVE JUSTICE Restorative Justice and the Criminal Justice System Jeffrey A. McGhee PSF5002 Survey of Public Safety Issues‚ Theory and Concepts 501 West Northern Parkway Baltimore‚ Maryland 21210 Telephone: 410-323-7452 Email: jmcghee6@gmail.com Instructor: Kenneth Szymkowiak Restorative Justice 2 The modern field of restorative justice developed in the 1970’s from case experiments in several communities with a proportionately
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Domestic abuse intersections or race and ethnicity‚ social class‚ gay and lesbian battering‚ and gender asymmetry provide various actions the Canadian criminal justice systems can take to assist in reducing the socially structured invisibility of certain victims‚ and their reluctance to use the criminal justice system. The criminal justice framework in Canada respond to domestic violence pro-charging and pro- prosecution policies‚ dual arrest –when the police are unable to ascertain the ‘primary
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Channels of Communication Types of Communication: Internal and External Need for Internal Communication Organize Decision-making Motivation Morale Reduce labour turnover Reduce abseentism Harmony Channels of Communication • Management can use one or more channels to communicate with his employees and obtain a feedback.Some experts prefer to use the phrase “lines of communication” instead of channels of communication. • We have Upward ‚ Downward‚Vertical‚ and horizontal.
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Technology affects our everyday life. Technology also affects the criminal justice field‚ especially in communication. The criminal justice system has different databases thanks to technology. These databases do things that humans wouldn’t be able to do or wouldn’t have the time to do. Two specific types of databases are AFIS and Iris scan. AFIS (also known as IAFIS) stands for Automated Fingerprint Identification System. AFIS is just that‚ a database created to keep track of fingerprints. Iris scan
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