a lot of discussion about pharmaceutical companies‚ intellectual property‚ and the global AIDS epidemic. Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or low cost in developing countries? Why is intellectual property such a big deal? What impact would South Africa’s decision to levy duties on drugs in the country have on the international distribution of drugs? Was the change that provided patent protection for pharmaceutical companies an appropriate change or
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business of Pharmaceutical companies:- Pharmaceutical companies are not especially big in terms of revenues‚ but they are very profitable. For instance‚ in 2001‚ Pfizer was ranked 127th in the world on total revenue (US$32·2 billion) but 7th in terms of profit.29 The pharmaceutical industry is the most profitable business sector‚ with an average 16·2% profit‚ ahead of financial companies (11·6%) and beverages (10%).30 However‚ net income growth has declined‚ and growth in the value of drug
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Questions for Review 1. Pharmaceutical companies do have a responsibility to distribute drugs for a low cost in developing and poorer countries. Africa’s GDP‚ and per capita income is very low so they cannot afford to buy top quality medicines. One main argument for this approach is the AIDS epidemic in Africa. A main argument against this is that the treatment for AIDS is very expensive to provide to a whole country for free. 2. The principal arguments of pharmaceutical companies that oppose making
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Chapter 4 The External Environment The Environmental Domain Organization Environment is composed of all elements that exist outside the boundary of the organization that have the potential to affect all or part of the organization. Its domain is the chosen field of action. The environment comprises several sectors or subdivisions of the environment that contain similar elements (ie. industry‚ raw materials‚ human resources‚ market‚ technology‚ financial resources‚ economic conditions‚ government
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The External Environment: Opportunities‚ Threats‚ Competition‚ and Competitor Analysis The external environment affects a firm’s strategic actions. For the example‚ when Philip Morris International (PMI) joint venture with Swedish Match AB‚ PMI distribute smokeless tobacco in multiple global market. A firm’s external environment creates the opportunities (opportunities PMI to enter the smokeless tobacco market) and threats (the regulation in its market reduces the consumption of PMI’s tobacco
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External Environment influence organization Introduction: Each organization has their own organization structure and strategy to help them get their organization’s goals. Therefore managers of organization should to design and choose the structure and strategy that fit for different types of organization to get the goals. However managers should according to the external environment to make decision for the organization. The external environment will influence the organization’s choose‚ if the
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Chapter 2 The external environment: Opportunities‚ threats‚ industry competition and competitor analysis Knowledge objectives 1 Explain the importance of analysing and understanding the firm’s external environment 2 Define and describe the general environment and the industry environment 3 Discuss the four activities of the external environmental analysis process 4 Name and describe the general environment’s six segments Knowledge objectives 5 Identify the five competitive forces
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The External Environment All outside factors that may affect an organization make up the external environment. The external environment is divided into two parts: ● ● Directly interactive: This environment has an immediate and firsthand impact upon the organization. A new competitor entering the market is an example. Indirectly interactive: This environment has a secondary and more distant effect upon the organization. New legislation taking effect may have a great impact. For example‚ complying
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play a role‚ the vast majority of the highly successful business people I’ve met over the past 25 years do one thing in common – and they do it extraordinarily well. They monitor their business environment to predict future market trends. They analyse external forces‚ such as their competitive environment‚ economic conditions‚ technological possibilities‚ political and legal forces‚ changes in demographics‚ seasonal factors‚ as well as shifts in social behaviour”. Basically they engage their crystal
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Introduction Business environment is an element that will affect all the activities of an organization. Besides‚ it will bring firms both opportunities and threats because of its uncertainties. Business environment is uncertain‚ complex & dynamics; organization should apply more flexibility & discontinuity ways to manage them. A firm cannot control the environment because it is unpredictable in its direction and speed of change‚ such as interest rates‚ rate of inflation and exchange rate. Business
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