NATIONAL INCOME Definition: According to Alfred Marshall‚ National Income is the labour and Capital of a country‚ acting on its natural resources‚ produced annually a certain net aggregate of commodities and in materials including services of all kinds. This is the net annual income or revenue of the country or the true national dividend. According to A.C.Pigou “ The national income dividend is that part of the objective income of the community‚ including‚ the income derived from aboard
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donations received from outside donors. The other revenue categories are easy to plan and control because the only real expense associated with this revenue stream is from the marketing department siltation of donors. There should be collaboration with the marketing departments increased efforts with an increase in donation revenue. If a direct collaboration does not exist then it would appear that the marketing department’s campaign was not effective and thus the hospital’s directors should consider
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Case 5-1 Income Smoothing a. Firstly‚ investors tend to invest in companies with stable earnings rather than one with volatile earnings. With stable earnings‚ there will be more likely an issuance of dividends and investors could easily predict the company’s future earnings compared to one with unstable earnings. With consistent earnings generated‚ it gives investors a secured feeling that it will again generate earnings as predicted. Confidence in the growth of rate of earnings is crucial because
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INCOME TAX Introduction : The income tax is administrated Income Tax Ordinance‚ 1984 and the Income tax Rules‚ 1984 as well as notification made under the Ordinance. The charge of tax of a person depends on its resident ship. Total world Income of a resident is charged to tax in Bangladesh. Where as a non-resident’s Bangladesh income is only charged to tax in Bangladesh. There are seven heads of income. The are salary‚ interest on security‚ house property‚ agriculture‚ business and profession
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Classificatory smoothing of Income with Extraordinary Items - Summary Within this paper they talk about whether extraordinary items are used to smooth ordinary or operating income over time. The role of extraordinary items was never really looked at become separately and that is what they wanted to look at. They talk about how previously the focus was on net income after extraordinary items but that it is important to look at net income before extraordinary items also. The use of
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Introduction The income smoothing literature has been the centre of attention in the accounting world for the past few decades. When companies experience economic turbulence due to a poor performance year‚ they turn to the accounting management department to resolve the bottom line. A strategy that managers can approach is changing the true information content of the company. As a result this has led managers to resort to smoothing their income. Many questions have been raised whether or not it
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NATIONAL INCOME:- What is National Income? National Income is the sum that is total money value of all the goods and services produced in one accounting year. So when we talk about goods and services we are only talking about the final goods and services and not the semi processed‚ when we take the money value of all the goods and services produced within the domestic boundary on India only and to not other countries. CONCEPTS OF NATIONAL INCOME IN TERMS OF MARKET PRICE:- 1) Gross Domestic
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Balance Sheet and Income Statement Commentary Belinda Greer BSA/500 March 24‚ 2012 Murali Ramachandran Balance Sheet and Income Statement Commentary Balance sheets and income statements are a snapshot of a company’s stability and financial situation. Combined the statements show the income‚ expenses‚ and stockholder’s equity in the company. These statements are often analyzed by financial institutions when a company comes to them needing a loan. Stockholders and other investors also look
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1. Initial cash flow at t=0: Purchase: -$700‚000 Shipping and installation: -$100‚000 Depreciable basis = $800‚000 Old machine after taxes = $120‚000 - ($120‚000-$80‚000)(.40) = $104‚000 Initial Cash flow = -$800‚000 + $104‚000 = -$696‚000 Depreciation: Year 1: $800‚000 * .3333 = $266‚640 Year 2: $800‚000 * .4445 = $355‚600 Year 3: $800‚000 * .1481 = $118‚480 Year 4: $800‚000 * .0741 = $59‚280 Yearly revenue change: Decrease operating expenses of $90‚000 Incremental net cash flow
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Balance Sheet and Income Statement Commentary BSA/500 – Business Systems I July 2‚ 2012 Balance Sheet and Income Statement Commentary JB Hunt (Trucking and logistics) On JB Hunt’s balance sheet for 2011 lists current assets of $513‚542‚000 and current liabilities of $438‚515‚000‚ yielding a current ratio of 1.17‚ which indicates the company‚ has $1.17 of current assets for every $1 of current liabilities. The previous year 2010‚ the current ratio was 0.91. This shows a 29% increase in the
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