Explain the meaning of law and morality. Discuss whether the law does and should seek to uphold moral principles. (30 marks + 5 marks for AO3). Laws and morals are quite similar in some ways but they also have their differences. Law is best described as rules made by authority. John Austin defined law as a command from a sovereign power‚ law needs to be obeyed and is enforced through sanctions. Morality on the other hand is values and principles as opposed to rules. Phil Harris defines a society’s
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JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE INTRODUCTION An independent judiciary is necessary for a free society and a constituent democracy. It ensures the rule of law and realization of human rights and also prosperity and stability of the society. The independence of the judiciary is normally assures through the Constitution but it may also be assured through legislations‚ conventions and other suitable norms and practices. Following the constitution of United States‚ almost all constitutions lay down at least the
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Judicial activism is gaining prominence in the present days. In the form of Public Interest Litigation (PIL)‚ citizens are getting access to justice. Judiciary has become the centre of controversy‚ in the recent past‚ on account of the sudden (Me in the level of judicial intervention. The area of judicial intervention has been steadily expanding through the device of public interest litigation. The judiciary has shed its pro-status-quo approach and taken upon itself the duty to enforce the basic
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Judicial Review: A Double-Edged Sword Judicial Review: A Double-Edged Sword 1. Traditional theories of judicial review hold that neutral or principled grounds are the only legitimate bases for judicial decisions and reject political motives in judicial decision-making. Do you believe this is true? Do you see principled v. political motives in important U.S. Supreme Court constitutional decisions which overturn laws passed by legislatures (such
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The doctrine of judicial precedent has been at the heart of the English legal system being a form of certainty for judges to follow long standing precedent which in fact‚ only slowly evolved and nurtured. Judicial precedent refers to the hierarchical structure of the English courts within which a decision of a higher court will be binding on a court lower in the hierarchy. However‚ there have been occasions where the Court of Appeal departed from the decisions of the House of Lords this has been
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Judicial notice is a rule in the law of evidence that allows a fact to be introduced into evidence if the truth of that fact is so well known or established that it cannot be refuted. This is done upon the request of the party seeking to have the fact at issue determined by the court. Matters admitted under judicial notice are accepted without being formally introduced by a witness or any other rule of evidence‚ and even if one party wishes to lead evidence to the contrary. In India the concept
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Then thou mayest ease thy conscience on that score. Listen and I’ll convince thee that no man Hath scot or lot in the prophetic art. Here is the proof in brief. An oracle Once came to Laius (I will not say ’Twas from the Delphic god himself‚ but from His ministers) declaring he was doomed To perish by the hand of his own son‚ A child that should be born to him by me. Now Laius--so at least report affirmed-- Was murdered on a day by highwaymen‚ No natives‚ at a spot where three roads meet
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Judicial Activism vs. Judicial Self-Restraint There are many differences between Judicial Activism and Judicial Self Restraint. Judicial Activism is the process by which judges take an active role in the governing process and Judicial Self Restraint is that Judges should not read their own philosophies into the constitution. Judicial activism is the view that the Supreme Court should be an active and creative partner with the legislative and executive branches in help shaping the government policy
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Judicial Discretion Judicial discretion refers to the authority that judges have for making and interpreting certain laws. Within the United States‚ judicial discretion is one of the fundamental tenants of the system of law‚ and is guaranteed in the United States Constitution. Both state and federal judges can exercise judicial discretion‚ although their discretion is not unlimited. This study focuses on a series of legal‚ extralegal‚ and systemic variables presumed to affect the workings of criminal-justice
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advantages and disadvantages of the doctrine of precedent. The doctrine of precedent means that judges refer back to previous decisions to help them decide similar cases where the law and facts are alike. Top of Form Bottom of Form Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the doctrine of precedent. Judicial precedent concerns itself with the influence and value of past decisions of case law and prior legal experience. The doctrine of precedent means that judges refer back to previous decisions
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