e. the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The distinct differences between the two are easily discernible with modern technology such as electron microscopes. These differences include: the presence of a nucleus in the eukaryotes‚ and the absence of one in the prokaryotes; Eukaryotes also have distinct membrane-bound organelles‚ while prokaryotes do not (Stanier et al.‚ 1970a; Mauseth‚ 2009). It is after discovery and examination of these organelles that first led to the Endosymbiont Hypothesis or
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Bacteria Kingdom Bacteria: Prokaryotes; Common Bacteria Kingdom Protista Eukaryotes; Unicellular organisms (small) Algae (unicellular‚ colonial‚ small or multicellular‚ Large) Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotes; Non-photosynthetic‚ multicellular (except yeast)‚ External digestion Kingdom plantae Eukaryotes; photosynthetic‚ multicellular Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotes; non-photosynthetic‚ multicellular‚ internal digestion BASIC PROPERTIES OF LIFE 1
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plastids Primary endosymbiosis: development of organelle by prokaryote engulfed and modified the bacteria Secondary endosymbiosis: ie. When eukaryote obtains plastids from another eukaryote Protozoa: assemblage of eukaryotic unicellular organisms “-zoa” refers to the absence of cell wall and presence of at least one motile stage in life cycle unicellular eukaryotes= protozoans‚ found wherever life exist‚ highly adaptable and easily moved from place to place mutualistic: both partners benefit commensalistic:
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Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton. The most characteristic membrane bound structure is the nucleus. This feature gives them their name‚ (also spelled "eucaryote‚") which comes from the Greek word referring to the nucleus. Animals‚ plants‚ fungi‚ and protists are eukaryotes. Microorganisms and all other living organisms are classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are distinguished on the
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Fission Prokaryotic chromosome contains mostly DNA and some associated proteins Asexual reproduction requires a single parent; offspring are genetically identical to parent. EUKARYOTES Meiosis and Mitosis MEIOSIS Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and therefore occurs in all eukaryotes MITOSIS process in which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two daughter nuclei. It is generally followed immediately
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c------------------------------------------------- Evidence for Endosymbiotic theory: ------------------------------------------------- Evidence that mitochondria and plastids arose from bacteria is as follows:[13][14][15] * New mitochondria and plastids are formed only through a process similar to binary fission. * In some algae‚ such as Euglena‚ the plastids can be destroyed by certain chemicals or prolonged absence of light without otherwise affecting the cell. In such a case‚ the
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Cells are divided into two categories namely the Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. These two have varying differences between them. Speaking in simple cell biology words‚ prokaryotes are primitive‚ simple organisms that lack membranous cell organelles. The opposite of this are eukaryotes‚ which are advanced and complex organisms having membrane bound cell organelles. Seemingly simple in structure and markedly different from eukaryote and protist organisms‚ prokaryotic cells are believed to have been
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the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Cells help carry out the functions of life and together support the organism to function as a whole. Cells are divided into two main categories of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Animal cells and plant cells fall into the division of eukaryote cells that have both a nucleus and organelles. In this lab‚ animal and plant cells will be compared through a microscope to identify differences in the structures of each type of cell. Almost all cells
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BIO UNIT 1 STUDY NOTES History of Classification Aristotle (384-322 BC) -greek philosopher -classified living things in 2 kingdoms (ANIMALS AND PLANTS) -Plants = herbs‚ shrubs & trees -Animals= those of sea‚ air and land -lasted 2000 years Theophrastus (372-287 BC) - “Father of Botany” - 2 botanical works Andrea Cesalpino (1519-1603) - Italian physician - created 1st new system of classifying plants - classified plants on the basis of the structure of their fruits and seeds John Ray
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The distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is considered to be the most important distinction among groups of organisms. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles‚ such as the nucleus‚ while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts‚ the cell wall‚ and the structure of chromosomal DNA. Prokaryotes were the only form of life on Earth for millions of years until more complicated
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