Defination Deficit Financing Deficit budget means that Govt. expenditure is more than its income from taxes and fee etc. Resources for deficit budget are met by borrowing‚ which is called Deficit Financing. In Pakistan deficit financing is needed because development programs require huge finance whereas domestic savings and income from taxes are not sufficient enough for this purpose. Increasing savings habits‚ population control‚ elimination of corruption‚ decrease in non-productive expenditure
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in order to manage risk factors are loss control‚ loss financing‚ and internal risk reduction. By using these three methods and knowing how they work a business can take to protect the company‚ the possible risks are easier to be contained and managed. Loss Control Loss Financing Loss financing is one of these techniques and is a “method used to obtain funds to pay for or offset losses that occur” (Risk Management Methods). Loss financing covers four different areas that help to achieve its end
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Preference Shares As in section 4 of Company Act 1965‚ it interpret preference share as “a share by whatever name called‚ which does not entitle the holder thereof to the right to vote at the general meeting or to any right to participate beyond a specified amount in any distribution whether by way of dividend‚ or redemption‚ in wind up‚ or otherwise.” (the library book) Besides that‚ section 66(1) of Company Act 1965 also states that “No company shall allot any preference shares or convert any
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Share Valuation Valuation Situations 1. Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) An initial public offering is the first sale of shares by a company to the public. The shares then become publicly traded. 2. Management Buy-outs (MBOs) A management buy-out is a form of acquisition in which the existing managers of a company acquire a large part or all of the shares of the company. 3. Management Buy-ins (MBIs) A management buy-in is a form of acquisition in which a manager or management team from
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This means of financing has developed rapidly in the decades of sixties and seventies. At present this means of financing gained considerable importance due to its wide variety of applications and has gained a substantial increase in the sheer volume of transactions. Although this type of financing can be for long term‚ most lease financing is for periods of less than ten years. Under the subject of finance our concern is with financial leases rather than with operating leases. Hence we will study
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Ordinary Time The term "Ordinary Time" may be misleading. In the context of the liturgical year the term "ordinary" does not mean "usual or average." Ordinary here means "not seasonal." Ordinary Time is that part of the Liturgical Year that lies outside the seasons of Lent-Easter and Advent-Christmas. In Ordinary Time‚ the Church celebrates the mystery of Christ not in one specific aspect but in all its aspects. The readings during the liturgies of Ordinary Time help to instruct us on how to live
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Relationships Between Stock Split and Bonus Issue of Shares & their pros and cons Presented by Rajib Deb Student of M.COM. 4th Sem. Tripura University‚ Suryamaninagar What is stock split? A stock split is a corporate action that increases the number of the corporation’s outstanding shares by dividing each share‚ which in turn diminishes its price. The stock’s market capitalization‚ however‚ remains the same‚ just like the value of the Rs. 100 does not change if it is exchanged for two 50s. For
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A company with low gearing is one that is mainly being funded or financed by share capital (equity) and reserves‚ whilst the one with a high gearing is mainly funded by loan capital. Now the question to address is which of the two (equity and debt) is cheaper to the company? The answer is that cost of debt is cheaper than cost of equity. This is because debt is less risky than equity and the tax advantage of debt over equity as discussed below: Risk: debt is less risky than equity because: • the
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decent‚ normal and good person that was put in an extraordinary situation. In his book he states “I did what I believed to be the ordinary things that an ordinary man would do. I said no to outrageous actions the way I thought that anybody would‚ and it still mystifies me that so many others could say yes.” This line says it all. Mr. Rusesabagina was “An Ordinary Man” put in an extraordinary situation and during the ten weeks of the Rwandan genocide he proved that we can all make a difference
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Ronald Romero American Government Elizabeth McNamara 11/15/12 Campaign Financing: 2008 Election; Barack Obama vs. John McCain Campaign finance refers to all of the money raised and spent to promote a candidate or party for an upcoming political election. This money is a necessity for a candidate to have en edge in any election because the more funds they have the more they can do with it. What they can do with the money raised is another question. There are rules and regulations the candidates
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