believe that if the amount of sodium citrate is too low or too high‚ the sodium alginate solution would not form into a ball. The recommended amount of sodium citrate to be added to the sodium alginate solution was ⅛ teaspoon‚ or 0.5 grams. We supposed that if we exceeded this measurement‚ the sodium citrate would unbalance the whole solution‚ making the balls deform. If we added too little of the sodium citrate‚ we thought that there would be too little for the sodium citrate to fully do its job of
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Calculating the Enthalpy Change of Reaction for the Displacement Reaction between Zinc and Aqueous Copper Sulphate Data Collection and Processing Observations: * Drops of water left on the inside of the measuring cylinder * Hole in the lid‚ possible escape route for gas or splash-back * The polystyrene cup felt warm during the reaction By extrapolating the graph we can estimate what the rise in temperature would have been if the reaction had taken place instantaneously. I can
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Also known as "benzoate of soda‚" sodium benzoate is an FDA-approved‚ polyunsaturated fat that has been used by food manufacturers for over 80 years to inhibit microbial growth. As a food additive it is used as a preservative‚ effectively killing most yeasts‚ bacteria and fungi. Sodium benzoate is effective only in acidic conditions (pH < 3.6) making its use most prevalent in foods such as preserves‚ salad dressings (vinegar)‚ carbonated drinks (carbonic acid)‚ jams (citric acid)‚ fruit juices (citric
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Solubility Curve of Sodium Nitrate Data collection |Temperature (°C) | |Mass of solute in 5ml (g) |Mass of solute in 100ml (g) | |1st set of data |2nd set of data |Average | | | |23.5 |24.0 |23.8 |4.5
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quickly. One chemical that is made industrially is sodium thiosulfate. Sodium thiosulfate solution is sold in a range of concentrations. Dilute solutions of sodium thiosulfate can be used for cleaning contact lenses and used as a medicine for some cancer patients. Concentrated solutions are used to treat spillages of some chemicals. Sodium thiosulfate is safe to handle and store‚ but if it is mixed with an acid‚ a reaction happens. When dilute sodium thiosulfate is mixed with an acid‚ solid sulphur
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From the experiment‚ it was determined that Sodium chloride had a crystalline structure‚ even after being broken into smaller pieces with a hammer. Even though there was two different types of Sodium chloride‚ coarse and fine‚ they still had a symmetrical‚ three-dimensional shape. All ionic compounds have this structure. It was also found that Sodium chloride had a high melting point and sugar had a low melting point. This is because Sodium chloride is ionic and the bonds holding it together take
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The moles of sodium thiosulphate can be determined using the average titre values and its concentration. When calculating the average titre values‚ the outliers are ignored because they are mainly created by errors and their great difference from the titres achieved in other trials will pose a great impact to the accuracy of the final result. n=v × c Where ‘n’ is the moles of sodium thiosulphate‚ ‘v’ is the average tire values sodium thiosulphate‚ and ‘c’ is its concentration
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Review of Related Literature Calamondin or Clamansi‚ Citrofornella microcarpa‚ belong to the fruit tree family Rutaceae. The fruit of the Calamansi is a small‚ round lime‚ a little bigger than the size of a thumbnail‚ about 30 mm (an inch) in diameter. Similar to other citrus fruits‚ the calamansi is high in vitamin C‚ and the juice can be an excellent vitamin basis. The lively ingredient D-limonene destroys the wax coating of the insects’ respiratory system
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Determination of Reaction Enthalpy Shannon Wedepohl 9/17/13 Abstract: During this experiment‚ an ice calorimeter was used to measure the change in volume in milliliters of magnesium metal and 1.00 M of sulfuric acid. We found the experimental molar enthalpy of the reaction to be ∆H = -370 ± 1 kJ/mol at 0˚C. This compares with an expected value of -466.9 kJ/mol at 25 ˚C‚ a 20.75% difference. Introduction: Many chemical reactions truly only encompass changes by exchanging heat energy
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Sodium borohydride Reduction of Benzil Introduction: The Purpose of this experiment is for the students to learn how to use sodium borohydride to reduce benzil to its secondary alcohol product via reduction reaction. This two-step reaction reduces aldehydes by hydrides to primary alcohols‚ and ketones to secondary alcohols. In order for the reaction to occur and to better control the stereochemistry and yield of the product‚ the metal hydride nucleophile of the reducing agents such as LiH‚ LiAlH4
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