and linked to particular interests”– of men. Before feminism‚ women were invisible in sociological research‚ this meant that explanations for female recidivism saw‚ female crime as a ’special case’ resulting from sexual promiscuity and biological deviance. Biological explanations for male criminality have lost credibility yet feminist research argued that biological explanations were used to understand female crimes for example the persecution of Maxine Carr. Some feminist criminologists accept that
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access to opportunity structures in causing crime and deviance. The access to opportunity structure in a society is the distribution of people’s access to occupations‚ education and other ways of supporting their lives and achieving goals. There are many different factors that have to be considered when examining the role of access to opportunity structures in causing crime and deviance. Merton’s (1998) ‘Strain theory and anomie’ argues that deviance arises from the structure of society and that unequal
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In order to answer the question‚ the terms Crime & Deviance must firstly be defined. Crime is an act against the Law (robbery‚ murder etc)‚ thus the act is known as illegal‚ whereas Deviance is an act that is not against the Law but an act seen as ‘abnormal’ and going against the norms & values o f Society‚ such as cross-dressing etc. Marx developed the idea of Marxism (a conflict theory between Upper and Lower social classes) in the 18th Century‚ when social classes were very clearly defined-
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past development of the human race and predict its future course. Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim‚ both shared the similar beliefs. They both believed that the society should be described and analysed in terms of functions. The society is a system of interrelated parts where no one part could function without another. If one part changes‚ then it would have an impact
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Agency Theory A theory that explains the relationship between principals and agents in business (In this relationship‚ the principal hires an agent to do the work‚ or to perform a task the principal is unable or unwilling to do. For example‚ in corporations‚ the principals are the shareholders of a company‚ delegating to the agent i.e. the management of the company‚ to perform tasks on their behalf.) Agency theory is concerned with resolving problems that can exist in agency relationships;
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Aahuti Bhathal Period: 2B Child Development 5/23/13 LEV VYGOSTKY THEORY Lev Vygostky was born to Russian parents on November 17‚ of 1896. Lev vygostky was the second oldest child out of the eight in the family. His mom was a teacher and a full time housewife. His dad was a respected bank manager in Bank of Gomel. Lev Vygostky was never scared to speak in public. Lev Vygostky studied law and graduated with a degree of law from the University of Moscow. While he studied there he was known
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Using material from Item A and elsewhere‚ assess the view that women commit less serious crimes as well as having less serious crimes committed against them so they are not worthy of study. (21 marks) It has been argued that males are more likely to commit crimes than women and it is more probable that males are repeat offenders‚ have longer criminal careers and commit more serious crimes‚ for example‚ men are 15 times more likely to be convicted of homicide. However‚ such statistics are heavily
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perspective 1. Behaviorism: Pavlov‚ Thorndike‚ Skinner 2. Neo-Behaviorism: Tolmann and Bandura B. Cognitive Perspective 1. Gestalt Psychology 2. Bruner’s constructivist Theory 3. Bruner’s constructivist theory 4. Ausebel’s Meaningful Verbal Learning / Subsumption Theory Prepared by: Nemarose Jane Tauyan Behaviorism: Pavlov‚ Thorndike‚ Skinner Pavlov (1849 - 1936) For most people‚ the name "Pavlov" rings a bell (pun intended). The Russian physiologist is
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Assess the usefulness of Marxist approaches to an understanding of crime and deviance (21 marks) Karl Marx‚ would not have considered himself a Marxist but nevertheless‚ here’s what you get: Karl Marx believed that criminals are as much made as born. He theorized that Societies determine what they view as crime but that the "minority in control" determines the scope and distribution of punishments as well as the levels of punishments. Of capitalism Marx wrote about the concept of how crimes
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Micro and macro social theories Functionalism and symbolic interactionism are contrasting sociological theories. Like all theory‚ sociological theory cannot explain everything and therefore differing theories have different perspectives and ideas. As a result they only offer partial or specific points of view of society in general. There are a wide range of sociological theories‚ which can be categorised into two main groups: structural or macro and social action or Micro perspectives. (Langhoff
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