Dr. Buchanan-Hamilton in 1807. Laterites are soil types rich in iron and aluminium‚ formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are rusty-red because of iron oxides. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness‚ grade‚ chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils. The majority of the land areas with laterites
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Plastics have been around for a long time now. It has been said that even before Alexander Parke’s major pioneering contribution to the development of plastics from cellulose nitrate in the 1850’s‚ plastic like materials have been in use by mankind for centuries. Now life without plastic cannot even be imagined. Almost every piece we use day to day is either a plastic or has plastic components in it. Because plastics can be made into products of different strengths and flexibility we can find plastic
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INTRODUCTION Soil is the precious gift of nature to the mankind. All the plant family‚ animal kingdom and human society at large depend upon soil for their sustenance directly or indirectly. Ironically‚ soil is the most neglected commodity on the earth. Shifting cultivation on the hill slopes‚ non-adoption of soil conservation techniques‚ and over exploitation of land for crop production due to population stress‚ leads to enormous soil erosion. It will take hundreds of years to form an inch of soil‚ but
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defined as soil. Soils come in an almost infinite variety of vertical structures and textures. Most soils are hundreds of years old and change very slowly. The work ability of the soil is the ease in which a soil can be cultivated and is determined by the soil texture. There are distinct layers of soil that are not always visible to eye but are made up of different horizons. O horizon/Humus is the decomposing plant matter. A Horizon/Topsoil is the mixed humus and leached mineral soil. E Horizon/
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Types of Soil & Their Uses Soil is a complex system of organic and inorganic matter that directly and indirectly supports plant and animal life. It is comprised of minerals‚ nutrients‚ water‚ microorganisms and decomposed living matter that provide the essential elements required to sustain growth. The soils of different geographical areas differ in chemical makeup‚ structure‚ pH value‚ texture and color. Soil makes the basis of the ecosystem and performs functions essential for the survival
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extreme form of soft soil. It is an organic soil which consists more than 75% of organic matters. However‚ the cutoff value of the percentage of organic matter necessary to classify a superficial deposit or soil as peat varies throughout the world‚ usually depending on the purpose of classification. This cutoff value also serves to differentiate peat from superficial deposits or soils with lesser amounts of organic content. The terms peat and organic soils‚ used for describing soils with an organic content
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1. INTRODUCTION The stability and life of any structure – a building‚ an airport‚ a road‚ dams‚ levees – depend on the stability‚ strength‚ and deformation of soils.[1] Unfortunately‚ due to the uncertainties of the world’s natural materials‚ the study of geotechnical engineering‚ and soil mechanics in particular‚ is both challenging and necessary. The following report is a compilation of the results acquired as a result of two laboratories performed by Group 13 at McMaster University on February
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Detailed Lesson Plan in Science IV (Soil Erosion) I. Learning Objectives a. Identify the agents of soil erosion. b. Explain how each agents cause erosion. c. Perform related activities enhancing knowledge about soil erosion. d. Enumerate ways and means on how to help prevent soil erosion. II. Subject Matter a. Topic: Soil Erosion b. References: c. Concepts: Soil Erosion and its Effects d. Sciences Processes: Observation‚ Experimenting‚ Analysing e. Materials: 2 large
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Soil Salinity Salinity in both the rivers and on the land is one of the main and most costly results of overclearing and irrigation. Salinity is caused by changes in the delicate balance between surface water and groundwater systems. A small increase in the infiltration of water from the topsoil to the groundwater‚ due to rainfall or irrigation‚ can result in a dramatic rise in groundwater pressure and watertable levels. The trees of the open forests are now replaced by shallow-rooted crops and
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“Sons-of-the-Soil” and Local Insurgencies ABSTRACT One explanation for localized armed conflicts is competition between the original inhabitants of an area and more recent settlers‚ including both migrants from the same country and from abroad. As of yet‚ this explanation has not been thoroughly scrutinized‚ partly due to the lack of disaggregated data on violence needed to properly examine the hypothesis. Hence‚ this paper applies the idea of such “sons-of-the-soil” dynamics to
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