Experiment 2 : Transport Across Membrane Name : Matrix No : Group : B Semester : 1 Date of Experiment : 05.09.2013 Lecturer’s Name : Miss OBJECTIVE To study the effects of hypotonic‚ hypertonic and isotonic solutions on plant and animal cells. INTRODUCTION In cellular biology the term membrane transport refers to the collection of mechanisms that regulate the passage of solutes such as ions and small molecules through biological membranes‚ which are lipid bilayers that
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Membrane Processing MEMBRANEFILTRATION A membrane or‚ more properly‚ a semipermeable membrane‚ is a thin layer of material capable of separating substances when a driving force is applied across the membrane. Membrane filtration enables to separate particles with a diameter smaller than the pore diameter in the membrane from the liquid feed‚ by applying a driving force (pressure) over the membrane. The membrane technology consists principally of Microfiltration (MF)‚ Ultrafiltration
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Class Diagram A class diagram is at the heart of UML. It represents the core purposes of UML because it separates the design elements from the coding of the system. UML was set up as a standardized model to describe an object-oriented programming approach. Since classes are the building block of objects‚ class diagrams are the building blocks of UML. The diagramming components in a class diagram can represent the classes that will actually be programmed‚ the main objects‚ or the interaction between
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PLASMA MEMBRANE SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY= allowing some substance to cross it more easily than others composed of: Phospholipids Proteins Carbohydrates Cholesterol FLUID MOSAIC MODEL Phospholipids are primary lipids(constantly moving‚ fluidly) AMPHIPATHIC-containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions Mosaic part=not made of one thing Freeze-fracture studies:way to view what’s inside FLUIDITY OF MEMBRANE Move within bilayer Most of lipids and some proteins‚ drift laterally
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Biological Membranes Lipid Membranes • Receptors‚ detecting the signals from outside: Light Odorant Taste Chemicals A Hormones Neurotransmitters Drugs • Channels‚ gates and pumps • Electric/chemical potential Neurophysiology Energy • Energy transduction: Photosynthesis Oxidative phosphorylation • • • • • • Structure Function Composition Physicochemical properties Self-assembly Molecular models highly selective permeability barrier Internal membranes for organelles Bilayer Permeability
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GMO Foods Should be Labeled According to Down To Earth “One of the most dangerous and least understood experiments with human health the world has ever known is currently underway without your consent—in your household and households across the nation‚ indeed throughout our entire planet. It is the wholesale contamination of the world’s food supply with genetically modified organisms (GMOs)”. According to Non-GMO Project “GMOs or Genetically modified organisms‚ are living organisms whose genetic
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genetics‚ medical conditions‚ prescription drugs‚ stress and simply bad haircare. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is considered by dermatologists to be one of the best treatments for hair loss because it is non-invasive and the results look natural. A small amount of your own blood is taken and treated in a centrifuge to separate the enriched cells or platelets. This highly concentrated platelet-rich plasma includes essential growth proteins and is injected into the scalp with a special micro needle.
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Interaction Diagram:- means a situation or occurrence in which two or more objects act upon one another to produce a new effect in an understandable format. Interaction is a part of dynamic behavior of the system represented in UML by two diagrams known as Sequence diagram and Collaboration diagram. Meaning of Collaboration Diagram:- also called a communication diagram or interaction diagram‚ is an illustration of the relationships and interaction between entities or objects in the Unified Modelling
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Exercise 1 1. Draw an E-R diagram for each of the following situations (if you believe that you need to make additional assumptions‚ clearly state them for each situation): a. A hospital has a large number of registered physicians. Attributes of PHYSICIAN include Physician_ID (the identifier) and Specialty. Patients are admitted to the hospital by physicians. Attributes of PATIENT include Patient__ID (the identifier) and Patient_Name. Any patient who is admitted must have exactly one admitting
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Gear in Draw-works. Draw-works is the machine on the rig consisting of a large-diameter steel spool‚ brakes‚ a power source and assorted auxiliary devices. The primary function of the draw works is to reel out and reel in the drilling line‚ a large diameter wire rope‚ in a controlled fashion. The drilling line is reeled over the crown block and traveling block to gain mechanical advantage in a "block and tackle" or "pulley" fashion. This reeling out and in of the drilling line causes the traveling
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