Liquid CO2 Extraction of D-Limonene This convenient‚ effective and inexpensive liquid CO2-based extraction of a natural product (D-limonene) provides an engaging example of natural products extraction using an alternative solvent (liquefied CO2). Because the procedure can be carried out in a polypropylene centrifuge tube and uses crushed dry ice as its CO2 source‚ it provides an inexpensive alternative to the equipment-intensive extraction with supercritical CO2. A short video clip is available
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DNA FINGERPRINTING LAB REPORT DNA contains genetic material and information that makes up each individual trait. Every person can be identified by providing his or her genetic information based on a particular DNA strand. DNA information is an effective way of identifying persons if it is used properly. It is used to identify humans in different situations such as crime scenes‚ accident scenes‚ paternity testing‚ soldier remain identification‚ inheritance claims‚ missing person investigations‚
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DNA replication mechanism is an integral and the most important part of cell division. It is a complicated mechanism that requires a lot of steps and different enzymes. Many scientists were trying to understand the mechanism of DNA replication and its role in the transfer of the hereditary information to the offsprings. DNA replication begins with a single origin of replication that starts off the process by creating a replication bubble. In many eukaryotic cells‚ the DNA strand will have more than
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the Extraction lab is to separate and purify benzoic acid‚ 2-naphthol‚ and naphthalene. These organic solids are purified by partitioning the solid in 2 immiscible solvents‚ diethyl ether and sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide. II. Significance a. The significance of the Extraction lab is to purify Acetanilide benzoic acid‚ 2-naphthol‚ and naphthalene by determining the partition coefficient. This value is determined by dividing the solubility of the given solute in the extraction solvent
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begins A Grain of wheat with a quotation from the bible. It reads. ‘You foolish man! What you sow does not come to life unless it dies. And what you sow is not the body which is to be but a bare kernel‚ perhaps of wheat or of some other grain’ (I Co 15:36). He chooses to focus his attention on the weaknesses of his characters. One may ask why Ngugi takes this path. It becomes apparent throughout the novel that the idea of nationalism which Ngugi tries to relate draws its strength from a collective effort
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Pakistan‟s wheat production in marketing year (MY) 2012/13 (May/April) is estimated at 23.0 million tons‚ down five percent relative to previous year‟s record harvest of 24.2 million tons. Wheat area harvested is witnessing a declining trend and has decreased by five percent during the last two years. Last year‚ the Government of Pakistan (GOP) procured 6.4 million tons of wheat from the local production‚ but has yet to announce a procurement target for this year‟s harvest. Trade sources estimate
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Organic Lab Report Extraction Separation of a Carboxylic Acid‚ a Phenol‚ and a Neutral Substance Purpose The objective of the experiment is to identify the three substances in the mixture and to determine the percent recovery of each from the mixture. The unknown will consist of either benzoic acid or 2-chlorobenzoic acid‚ 4-t-butyl phenol. Determine the weight of crystals and also the percent yield Introduction There are various techniques of extractions‚ solid/liquid
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green (unroasted) coffee beans from the caffeine. Keywords: Caffeine‚ Methylene Chloride‚ Sodium Hydroxide‚ Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate I. Introduction Caffeine is an alkaloid of the methylxanthine family. Its chemical formula is C8H10N4O2 and its systematic name is 1‚3‚7-trimethylxanthine or 3‚7-dihydro-1‚3‚7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2‚6-dione (See Fig. 1). In terms of physical properties‚ pure caffeine occurs as odorless‚ white‚ fleecy masses‚ glistening needles or powder. Practically‚ caffeine is a
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and analyzed various DNA fragments in order to determine if these DNA fragments originated from the same individual. The learning objective for this lab is to gain a better understanding of how DNA fingerprinting works. In this lab the primary function is to determine which DNA fragments match the DNA fragment found on the crime scene. To determine if any of the DNA fragments match the fragment found at the crime scene‚ the DNA fragments must undergo the DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting causes
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this lab was to troubleshoot causes related to PCR components and develop an experiment that would test if the Taq amount is suitable for the PCR reaction to run correctly. INTRODUCTION Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA Polymerase is a bacterium that lives in thermophilic conditions and has been identified as an enzyme able to withstand the protein-denaturing conditions (high temperature) required during PCR (Noronha & Mullins‚ 1992). Why might you not be getting any bands on your PCR? If the Taq DNA polymerase
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