Discuss issues of reliability and validity associated with the classification and diagnosis of phobic disorders (24 marks) The biological explanation for the acquisition of phobic disorders establishes that phobias are caused by genetics‚ innate influences and the principles of biochemistry. This theory recognizes that an oversensitive fear response may be inherited‚ causing abnormal levels of anxiety. This is illustrated in the basis of inheritance‚ particularly the adrenergic theory that convicts
Premium Fear Panic attack Phobia
Discuss Psychological explanations of one eating disorder. (8+16) Psychological explanations of obesity include the psychodynamic and the behaviourist approach. Behaviourism suggests three means by which obesity may occur; classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning and social learning theory. There is a great deal of evidence for the behavioural explanation. Classical conditioning is where eating becomes associated with other behaviours that are often routine‚ leading to eating when not hungry
Premium Obesity Psychosexual development Sigmund Freud
Phobic Disorders Phobic disorders are classified as one of the most common of all anxiety disorders; they are a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object‚ activity‚ or situation. Many people who suffer from this disorder know that the fears they have‚ are excessive and unreasonable and‚ the feared object can usually determine how much it affects a persons functioning. Although‚ anyone can develop a phobic disorder‚ it is found more commonly in women than in men. Phobic disorders are
Premium Fear Phobia Panic attack
Discuss Psychological Explanations of Schizophrenia [8+16] AO1: The cognitive approach acknowledges the role of biological factors. Frith 92 found a disconnection between frontal areas of the brain concerned with action and the posterior areas of the brain that control perception‚ explaining auditory hallucinations. This causes a split from reality where sz are unable to distinguish between actions brought by external forces and those generated internally this then causes the positive symptoms of
Premium Schizophrenia Psychology Psychosis
There appears to be a tendency for schizophrenia to run in families. This suggests that genes and biological factors play a role in the explanation of schizophrenia.. The closer the genetic relationship the more likely the people are to share the disorder. Evidence from family studies by Gottesman showed that when both parent are schizophrenic then there is a 46% chance of the child getting it‚ however‚ if only one parent had it‚ it dropped to 16% and dropped to a further 1% when the sibling of the
Premium Genetics Twin Schizophrenia
Discuss two biological explanations of depression (8+16 marks) AO1: One biological explanation for depression is family studies. Family studies have proved that having a first-degree relative with depression appears to be a risk factor of depression. These studies select people who already have the depression (the probands) and examine whether other members of their family have been‚ or might be diagnosed with depression. Research has found that around 20% of such relatives have depression compared
Premium Major depressive disorder Serotonin Bipolar disorder
Discuss two or more psychological explanations for institutional aggression. The importation model is a dispositional theory which states that an individual would bring in – import – characteristics from outside of prison which lead them to be aggressive in daily life. This then leads to aggression while incarcerated. Cheeseman said that men have a certain way of behaving‚ probably why they ended up in prison to begin with‚ which they then apply to their new setting. Irwin and Cressey found 3 subcultures
Premium
Outline and evaluate the biological therapies for phobic disorders (8+16) One biological therapy for phobic disorders is chemotherapy. Drug therapies include Anti-Anxiety drugs‚ Beta blockers and Antidepressants. They aim to alter abnormal behaviour by intervening directly in bodily processes (helps with the symptoms).Those that experience psychological problems or show disturbed behaviour patterns go to their family doctors. The first line of treatment is medical. Drug therapies are most common
Premium Fear Placebo Anxiety
Describe two or more psychological explanations of schizophrenia 8+16 marks A01 A02 Sociocultural AO2 Cognitive Introducing Biology The cognitive explanation acknowledges the role of biological factors in schizophrenia‚ suggesting that the basis of the condition is abnormal brain activity producing visual and auditory hallucinations. Further features of the disorder emerge as people try to make sense of the hallucinations. When schizophrenics first experience voices and other worrying sensory
Premium
Outline and evaluate psychological explanations for OCD (8+16 marks) One psychological explanation for OCD is the behavioural approach. The behavioural approach breaks obsessions and compulsions into separate categories. Mowrer (1960) suggests that the acquisition of fear and anxiety is a two-step process in which firstly the neutral stimulus is associated with anxiety through classical conditioning for example a child being told that food which has been dropped on the floor is disgusting‚ this
Premium Anxiety Psychology