Meaning and Need for Budget Everyone is familiar with the idea of a budget because it is essential in every walk of our life – national‚ domestic and business. A budget is prepared to have effective utilisation of funds and for the realisation of objectives as efficiently as possible. Budgeting is a powerful tool to the management for performing its functions (i.e.‚ formulating plans‚ coordinating activities and controlling operations etc.) efficiently. CIMA London defines budget as‚ “A plan quantified
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1. There are many criticisms about budget‚ but using budget can increase sales‚ decentralize and empower to lower level. According to the reading articles‚ budgetary can replace the fixed performance target with openness and transparency. And also management can give employees more freedom to manage. For example‚ Musimundo did not have budget before 2004. After 2004‚ it had established budget system. The budget was separated in two ways which were bottom-up and top-down. Employees who are at the
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Introduction Prior to researching this topic‚ my impression of management was limited. My concept was meshed within the framework of business and economics. Therefore‚ my definition of this construct was in error. For rectification‚ and foundational reference‚ management is the process of directing resources towards the accomplishment of a specific goal. This definition‚ one that I have derived from the compilation of many‚ incorporates two key variables. The first operative word in this definition
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History of Indian Budget India’s first Finance Minister Sir R.K. Shanmugham Chetty‚ presented the first Finance Budget of independent India on November 26‚ 1947. Since then‚ 28 differentUnion Finance Ministers have been presenting the budget year after year. Initially‚ major attention was paid towards the agriculture sector but as the economy evolved‚ the focus shifted from agriculture to other sectors like industrial‚ financial etc. During the early the fifties‚ Indian budget highlights revolved
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Advantages and disadvantages of a master budget Advantages of a master budget are: a. It gives an idea where a company wants to go (its goal).. b. It determines what the company has to do in order to achieve this goal. c. It helps the company to realistically project future cash flows. d. This cash flow will enable the company to get certain types of financing. In short a master budget formalizes planning‚ provides an framework for judging performance and it helps managers to communicate and
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attained when good plans are married with effective control systems. Most organizations conduct their planning and control processes through implementation of budgetary control system. Budgetary control system is the system of using budgets as a means of planning and controlling all aspects of producing or selling commodities and services (By J.Batty) An organization will never lose direction and means of measuring performance if it will implement the
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FLEXIBLE WORKING HOURS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEES IN MALAYSIA 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Flexible working hours is very important on perspective of employers and employees in Malaysia. Companies that offer flexible working schedules are the key to luring professional women back into the workforce. Flexible work arrangements was a tried and true strategy used by advanced economies and offered a work-life balance that was becoming essential in attracting
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Eisenhower wanted Communism to be contained while Kennedy wanted flexible response. It all started out with Karl Marx. He created the idea of Communism‚ which is the theory of everything being publicly owned and workers get paid based off their abilities(Ayers 756). This led to the presidents having to use ideas like containment and flexible response. Containment is stopping the spread of a certain idea created by George F. Kennan(Ayers 819). Flexible response is defending without using nuclear missiles(Ayers
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The Advantages and Disadvantages of 7 Days Inn As a typical budget hotel‚ Seven Days Group Holdings Limited established in 2005 and now‚ more than 1000 Seven Days Inn have scattered all around the China (Zhang‚ 2012). I registered to be a member of 7 Days Inn two years age‚ and have already lodged in three branch stores in different cities during my travels. Budget hotels are considered as 1 star hotel because they provide lodging at cheaper price varies from 30$-40$ per room per night. The main
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FOCUS ON BUDGET 2013 budget was enacted to improve the standard of living in the country. The Government will also ensure that people get the best services and maximum benefits as a result of the implementation of development programs and projects. Therefore‚ the 2013 budget is designed themed "MEMAKMUR NEGARA‚ MENSEJAHTERA RAKYAT: A promises are kept" by focusing on five key focus. The five focus was to stimulate investment activity; strengthen education and training; entrenched innovation‚
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