of glycerol.[2] The alkaline solution‚ which is often called lye‚ (although the term "lye soap" refers almost exclusively to soaps made with sodium hydroxide) brings about a chemical reaction known as saponification. In saponification‚ the fats are first hydrolyzed into free fatty acids‚ which then combine with the alkali to form crude soap. Glycerol (glycerine) is liberated and is either left in or washed out and recovered as a useful byproduct‚ depending on the process employed.[2] Soaps are key
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identification of two unknown bacteria. An unknown labeled as number 3 was given out by the lab instructor. The methods that have been lectured and absorbed pertaining to identifying
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Liquid Nitrogen Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen in a liquid state at a very low temperature. Its chemical formula is N2. Manufacturing of Liquid Nitrogen Liquid nitrogen is made by cooling and compressing air straight from the atmosphere. The type used to produce large amounts of liquid nitrogen looks vastly different but really happens is that air squashed and cooled . When you squash it‚ air molecules are forced closer together. If you also cool it down the molecules can slow down enough to
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Experiment #1: Determination of the Solid-Liquid Phase Diagram for Napthalene-Biphenyl Using Thermal Analysis Objective To apply thermal analysis to the two-component system‚ naphthalene-biphenyl at atmospheric temperature. The analysis will be represented by a solid-liquid phase diagram (freezing point diagram). Theoretical Principles Phase Equilibria and the Gibbs Phase Rule This experiment is conducted in order to study a condensed system (solid-liquid) at constant temperature (atmospheric
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Analysis of an Unknown Mixture Performed: 2/13/14 Submitted: 3/3/14 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to separate and identify the two unknown compounds. The sample used was 105 and it contain 2-propanol and 2-heptanone. IR spectrums were taken of the contents of the second and sixth test tubes and showed the presence of an OH functional group and a small amount of ketone in test tube two and a large presence of ketone in test tube six. The average boiling points of the test tubes
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CHM 2046 L Scheme of Analysis for Unknown 9A/9B “Fair Game” Unknowns * Cations: Na+‚ K+‚ NH4+‚ Ca2+‚ Mg(H2O)62+‚ Al(H2O)63+‚ Zn(H2O)62+‚ Cu(H2O)2+‚ Ag(H2O)+ * Anions: Cl-‚ NO3-‚ SO4-2‚ HSO4-‚ OH-‚ CO3-2‚ HCO3-‚ S-2 * Insoluble Salts: Ca(OH)2‚ CaCO3‚ CaSO4‚ Mg(OH)2‚ MgCO3‚ Ag2O‚ AgCl‚ Ag2S‚ CuO‚ CuCO3‚ CuS‚ Zn(OH)2‚ ZnCO3‚ ZnS * Alums: [Al(OH2)6]2(SO4)3∙6H2O‚ Na[Al(OH2)6](SO4)2∙6H2O‚ K[Al(OH2)6](SO4)2∙6H2O‚ NH4[Al(OH2)6]2(SO4)2∙6H2O * Hydrated Ions: Na2CO3∙10H2O‚ Na2SO4∙10H2O
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Volatile Liquid Purpose: To determine the molar mass of an unknown liquid whose boiling point is between room temperature and the boiling point for water. Key Terms: List and define any additional new terms relevant to this experiment. volatile – intermolecular forces - Key Formulas: Write the following formulas. Ideal Gas Law Molar Mass Relationships: The Dumas Method - In 1826 Jean-Baptist Dumas developed a method for determining the molar mass of liquids that
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article 1. the The purpose of this is knowing the types of bacteria that exist in our environment and diseases caused by them‚ and how treat it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An unknown bacterium was handed out
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Analysis of a Volatile Liquid Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to use various methods of analysis to determine the identity of an unknown volatile liquid. In the first part of the experiment‚ the molecular mass was found by using water to find the volume of a flask through calculations and this as well as the mass of the gas of the unknown liquid were put into the a manipulated version of the ideal gas equation to determine the molar mass of the liquid‚ which was 14.21g per
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LABORATORY REPORT UNIT OPERATION FST359 EXPERIMENT 1 : LIQUID-LIQUID SEPARATION BY DISC-BOWL CENTRIFUGE. NAME : ANAS BIN MOHD KAMAL. ID : 2013467978. GROUP : AS1164A1. LECTURER : SIR MOHAMAD SHAHRIMI BIN HASHIM. OBJECTIVE : 1. To separate cream from dairy milk and coconut milk. 2. To measure the quantity and density of cream and skim milk. MATERIALS : Dairy milk powder and coconut milk. APPARATUS : 25 ml specific gravity (SG) bottles
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