the different methods of conducting real-life public relations nowadays. Theoretically‚ several models have been developed to categorize the different types of PR practice/practitioners; analyzing the usage of these models by PR professionals will reveal the extent to which they are valid in real life. Because these models deal with the communication-flow involved in PR‚ the essay will begin with a basic outline of how human communication works and how it can be applied effectively‚ using
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Public relations have been regarded as an important tool in maintaining and enhancing the relationships between an organisation and its publics. There are different models of public relations that organisation adopt to reach mutual understandings between their publics or to demonstrate its organisational desire to its publics. Grunig and Hunt (1984) define the communication theory as a fundamental tool of enhancing and maintaining the relationship between an organisation and its publics‚ which can
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from C. David Mortensen‚ Communication: The Study of Human Communication (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.‚ 1972)‚ Chapter 2‚ “Communication Models.” A. What is a Model? 1. Mortensen: “In the broadest sense‚ a model is a systematic representation of an object or event in idealized and abstract form. Models are somewhat arbitrary by their nature. The act of abstracting eliminates certain details to focus on essential factors. . . . The key to the usefulness of a model is the degree to which it
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discuss Denis McQuail’s four concepts of communication in contemporary Western culture. It will be discussed in this essay how each media form exhibits a communication model and to what extent that it does so. It will also be discussed whether each of these models are independent or correlated. For each communication model‚ a different media form will be used to explain how it is being manifested. Television broadcasting will be used to explain the transmission model‚ magazine advertisements will be used
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Communication models One of the key tasks of social marketers is to develop effective messages which provide individuals and organisations with the information required to achieve behavioural change. Communication represents the ‘transmission of information‚ ideas‚ attitudes‚ or emotion from one person or group to another’. There are many models and frameworks available to help with communications planning. The communication process involves: the sender‚ the message itself‚ encoding the message
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1.0 Literature Review 1.1 Personal Influence Model Public Relations Practitioners in Chinese society lead by traditional value especially confucism. (Yi-Hui Huang‚ “The Personal Influence Model and Gao Guanxi in Taiwan Chinese Public Relation”‚28th Dec 2010 Confucism ) emphasize five cardinal Relations(wulun). Yi-Hui Huang stated the unhealthy situation‚ where people can use own personal influence (Guanxi) major and favour ( mianzi and renqing ) to to reach a shortcut coorperation. This will causes
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SUMMARY OF COMMUNICATION MODELS (1)Transmission model Laswell: who say what to whom in which channel what effect (2)Shannon and weaver source→transmiitter→reciever→destination Interactive model (1)Schrammn model encoder decoder interpreter interpreter decoder encoder ↓ Inferential delayed feedback COMMUNICATION MODELS COMMUNICATION PROCESS The communication process is the inter-relationship between several inter-dependent
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Models of Communication According to the authors of “Human Communication in Society”‚ communication occurs simultaneously between senders and receivers‚ with meaning co-created by all participants. The authors are saying that in communication the individual’s character affect the process of communication. Linear Model views communication as a one-way process in which the speaker speaks and the listener listens. The earliest model primarily involved the transfer of information from one person
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Media Imperative In order to establish an effective communication to our target audience‚ Shramm’s communication model would be used for our creative brief. The source of our message is to inform our target audience that Cargill is revamping their image and is establishing sustainability plan by using _source_____. Through Schramm’s model‚ we want to change the attitude and beliefs of our target audience about Cargill as a company that cares about the community and willing to change its business
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(SMCR) Model David Berlo’s Source Message Channel Receiver (SMCR) model is an expansion of Shannon and Weaver’s 1948 model of linear communication. The SMCR model is not specific to any particular type of communication‚ but applies to all communication methods‚ and can even be applied to any second language communication. This model of communication considers the source‚ message‚ channel‚ and receiver‚ as well as the importance of the psychological view in the communication model. Berlo’s
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