Materials and Methods 1.Dependent Variable: plasma levels of glucose‚ ketones‚ insulin‚ and glucagon 2.Independent Variable: food and beverage intake 3.Controlled Variables: physical activity‚ caffeine and alcohol intake‚ gender‚ age‚ BMI 4.Why were physical activity and caffeine and alcohol intake the controlled variables? You can control the amount of physical activity‚ caffeine and alcohol the patient intakes. 5.What type of assay was used to measure plasma glucose and ketone
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the heart rate of daphnia. Daphnia are water fleas that have a sort of heart that we can see in magnification. We can count the number of heart beats in a minute of a regular daphnia and try and get a new one with the same specifications as the old one that may have died. It is also a good idea to get a new one as we want to see how much it affects it from ordinary instead of adding the caffeine one after another. We have to be careful not to feed too much caffeine to the daphnia only a maximum of
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Questions to be submitted as Case Study 1 1) Define Hyponatremia.- When sodium concentration in the blood is below 135 mEq/L‚ or abnormally low. It is induced by the consumption of large amounts of fluid that are sodium-free‚ such as water. 2) What is the etiology of hyponatremia?- Can occur in three ways: hypervolemic‚ euvolemic‚ and hypovolemic. Hypervolemic is when the body overall has too much water‚ lowering the serum sodium level‚ thus causing cells to swell. Euvolemic is when the body’s
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Caffeine on Daphnia Heart Rate: Aim: To investigate the effect of caffeine on the heart rate in Daphnia. Hypothesis: My hypothesis is that as the caffeine content increases‚ the heart rate if the Daphnia increases. Equipment: * Culture of water flea – Daphnia * Caffeine of 5 different concentrations * Microscope * Counter * Cavity Slide * Pipettes * Stop clock * Distilled water * Test tubes * Petri dish Method: 1. Remove one Daphnia and place
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Alex Fulton Descriptive essay GSW 1110 “The rush” As the clicking noise of the not so steady ski-lift chimes away‚ I hold on tightly‚ looking down at the people below. This being my first time doing anything in or around snow‚ I was very excited to be going snowboarding. While the ski-lift jerked back and forth my friend Corey enlightened me on the tips for staying alive while I went down the hill. I was trying to pay attention but I was just so eager to snowboard that his tips weren’t registering
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LABORATORY REPORT (Click on the Save a Copy button on the panel above to save your report) Activity: Name: Instructor: Date: Blood Glucose Regulation Sandra Shakur January 25‚ 2015 Predictions 1. Plasma glucose levels will be highest immediately after the meal (0 hr). 2. Plasma ketone levels will be highest 1-3 hours after the meal. 3. Plasma insulin levels will be highest before the meal (fasting). 4. Plasma glucagon levels will be highest before the meal (fasting). Materials and Methods 1.
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LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Blood Glucose Regulation Name: jennifer rivenburg Instructor: susan deno Date: 12.01.2014 Predictions Plasma glucose levels will be highest 1-3 hours after the meal Plasma ketone levels will be highest before the meal (fasting) Plasma insulin levels will be highest immediately after the meal (0 hr) Plasma glucagon levels will be highest immediately after the meal (0 hr) Materials and Methods Dependent Variable plasma levels of glucose‚ ketones‚ insulin‚ and glucagon
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with the drug was 132 BPM. That is a change by -84 BPM. This proves that hemp lowered the heart rate of the Daphnia‚ like the hypothesis stated. The overall average for all the groups‚ there is a similar trend with a -7% change meaning the every test had the same outcome of the heart rate decreasing. There
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activities in response of stress. The amygdala triggers hypothalamus to bring messages through sympathetic centers in the spinal cord which then get to the middle of the adrenal gland called adrenal medulla‚ and release hormone 2 called adrenalin (epinephrine) and norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline) (Lightman‚ S. 2008). Adrenaline and noradrenalin are chemicals that released into the blood stream by nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system (part of autonomic nervous system) in response
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Abstract Stress is a common condition‚ a response to a physical threat or psychological distress‚ that generates a host of chemical and hormonal reactions in the body. In essence‚ the body prepares to fight or flee‚ pumping more blood to the heart and muscles and shutting down all non-essential functions. As a temporary state‚ this reaction serves the body well to defend itself. However‚ when the stress reaction is attenuated‚ the normal physical functions that have been either exaggerated or shut
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