BUSINESS CYCLES Trend and cycle of the business cycle Phases of the cycle Pro‐cyclical‚ counter‐cyclical‚ and a‐cyclical variables Lead‚ lagged‚ and contemporary variables Stylized facts and cyclical behavior of key macroeconomic variables 2 BUSINESS CYCLES Over time GDP grows but not in a linear way GDP 2006 constant prices (in logs) 6.5 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.5 3 BUSINESS CYCLES Time Series Components 1. 2. 3. 4. Trend (long‐run) Cycle (short‐run)
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rights‚ duties‚ liabilities‚ and other legal relations‚ of himself or others. Types of Power In any organization‚ management and leadership comes with a certain level of power. There are five main types of power in business: coercive‚ expert‚ legitimate‚ referent and reward. Many leaders use just one type of power‚ but the most effective way to use these powers is to implement a balanced combination of the positive types. Coercive Coercive power is gained through the fear of employees. A coercive
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Type of Shoppers I like to think of the shoppers as rats in a lab experiment‚ and the aisles are like a maze designed by psychologists. Most of the customers follow a dependable route‚ walking up and down the aisles‚ checking through my counter‚ and then escaping through the exit door. But not everybody is so dependable. Working at Hannaford Supermarket has given me a chance to observed three types of shoppers. The first type of unusual shopper is one I called the amnesiac. He always
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Classification Final Draft Types of Friends When I was a child‚ my parents raised me and my siblings to appreciate various kinds of friends. There are three types of friends I know of in this lifetime. I classify them according to how well they know me. We make friends or encounter them as we go every day. My first type of friends are called “pest friend”. They are my acquaintance‚ or in other words I only know them by their name. I may not remember what they might look like if I go away
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Nitrogen cycle A simple and complete diagram of the nitrogen cycle. The blue boxes represent stores of nitrogen‚ the green writing is for processes that occur to move the nitrogen from one place to another and the red writing are all the bacteria involved. The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. This transformation can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation
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CHAPTER 12- THE CELL CYCLE I. Concept 12.1- Cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells A. Overview 1) The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells or cell division. 2) The cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle‚ the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells. B. Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material 1) A cell’s endowment of DNA‚ its genetic
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The cell cycle‚ or cell-division cycle‚ is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication that produces two daughter cells. In cells without a nucleus‚ the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus‚ the cell cycle can be divided in three periods: interphase—during which the cell grows‚ accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA—and the mitotic phase‚ during which the
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specific markets. While macroeconomics is a broad field of study‚ there are two areas of research that are emblematic of the discipline: the attempt to understand the causes and consequences of short-run fluctuations in national income (the business cycle)‚ and the attempt to understand the determinants of long-run economic growth (increases in national income). Macroeconomic models and their forecasts are used by both governments and large corporations to assist in the development and evaluation of economic
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Each Hype Cycle drills down into the five key phases of a technology’s life cycle. 1. Technology Trigger: A potential technology breakthrough kicks things off. Early proof-of-concept stories and media interest trigger significant publicity. Often no usable products exist and commercial viability is unproven. 2. Peak of Inflated Expectations: Early publicity produces a number of success stories—often accompanied by scores of failures. Some companies take action; many do not. 3. Trough of Disillusionment:
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Business Cycle What is it? The economy of a certain country‚ in this world of global understanding makes a huge difference to the world economy. The rise and fall of the market determines the prices of various things all over the world. Economy is something which does not remain static‚ it changes‚ sometimes very quickly‚ sometimes gradually. The rise and fall of the economy is basically what is identified as a business cycle. This can be best explained with a simple example. Suppose during
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