Summary Software reliability modeling has‚ surprisingly to many‚ been around since the early 1970s with the pioneering works of Jelinski and Moranda‚ Shooman‚ and Coutinho. The theory behind software reliability is presented‚ and some of the major models that have appeared in the literature from both historical and applications perspectives are described. Emerging techniques for software reliability research field are also included. The following four key components in software reliability theory
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The Research Foundation of CFA Institute Literature Review Risk Management: A Review Sébastien Lleo‚ CFA Imperial College London The concept of risk has been central to the theory and practice of finance since Markowitz’s influential work nearly 60 years ago. Yet‚ risk management has only emerged as a field of independent study in the past 15 years. Advances in the science of risk measurement have been a main contributor to this remarkable development as new risk measures have been proposed
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8th ASCE Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability PMC2000-308 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE GIRDERS: COMPARISON OF EUROCODE‚ SPANISH NORMA IAP AND AASHTO LRFD A. S. Nowak‚ F. ASCE University of Michigan‚ Ann Arbor‚ MI 48109-2125 Nowak@umich.edu Chan-Hee Park YonseiUniversity‚ Seoul‚ Korea chpark@yonsei.ac.kr J.R. Casas University of Catalonia‚ Barcelona‚ Spain casas@etseccpb.upc.es Abstract The objective of this paper is to
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0.2 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.45 | 2 | 0.65 | .25 | 3 | .9 | 0.1 | 4 | The table displays the probability distribution that will be use to find cumulative probabilities. The table above is inserted into Excel. Each numbers corresponds to the probability of demanded value. The cumulative probability numbers are entered into a table‚ with the demand‚ and range of values. Next‚ the Random function is use in excel. Random numbers between 0 and 1 will be generated in Excel using =Rand formulas. Based on
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excel and some function in it these are =SUM() = RAND() =AVERAGE() =STDV() =RANDINV() =VLOOKUP() and few more . These are widely used function when I simulated data in excel. In task 1 I find out how to calculate or forecast how much card should we print. I use a random variable with =RAND( function and use =VLOOKUP() function to find out demand from discreet variable called cumulative probabilities. This is discrete because we find out the range by frequency distribution. Then I use
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1. Let X be a random variable with Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) below. Answer the following probability questions: (You must write out CDF notation) – such as 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 .02 .09 .15 .41 .51 .66 .73 .97 .98 1.0 a) Answer _______________________ c) Answer _______________________ d) Answer _______________________ e) Answer _______________________ 2. For a binomial distribution using and ‚ determine the value .
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To make cost estimates‚ project managers use cost analysis; a discipline that attempts to forecast the ultimate cost of a project. The difficulty about this analysis‚ especially for complex projects‚ is that there are a lot of uncertainties about cost items such as technology‚ productivity of human resources‚ economic conditions‚ market conditions‚ prices‚ inflation and other future risks and events. In general uncertainty occurs for a number of reasons: • Uniqueness (no similar experience) ⁎ Corresponding
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Case Problem page 2 In Excel‚ use a suitable method for generating the number of days needed to repair the copier‚ when it is out of service‚ according to the discrete distribution shown. Lost revenue of Jet Copies due to breakdown can be done by generating random numbers from different probability distributions according the given probability law. 1. Simulation for the repair time. |Repair Time (days) |Probability
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Create a graph of the Close price of SPY (not the adjusted close price) as a function of time. Label the axes and give it a title (e.g. SPY). This is simply a graph using the data you have downloaded. 225 CLOSING PRICE (USD) 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 90 95 00 05 10 15 TIME (year) Figure 1: No Excel functions beyond graphics functions were used to make this graph. 1 (b) Create a graph of the SPY returns as a function of time using the Close price and dividends. Begin by adding a “dividends”
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Doing Statistical Analysis Excel provides a large number of statistical functions. These and the tools in the Analysis ToolPak cover most types of statistical analysis that you would need to do in finance and include in your models. Many people look at functions as "black boxes." You input the arguments‚ and the functions provide the answers. In a way this view is true‚ but it is also dangerous - you may use a function or tool incorrectly or misinterpret the results. So take the time to know
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