virus too small to be seen without a microscope (smaller than 0.5mm) Misconceptions of Microorganisms * All microorganisms are pathogenic (disease producing) FALSE * The majority of bacteria are harmless and beneficial TRUE Aspects of microbiology * Basic biological science * About living cell and how they work * About microbial diversity and their evolution * Applied biological science * What microorganisms do; their role in the nature? * Causative agents
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Review Questions 1. Which type of S. pneumoniae strain is the most virulent‚ encapsulated or unencapsulated? 2. What allows S. pneumoniae to adhere to cell walls‚ phosphorylcholine or polysaccharide? 3. Which infections are most commonly caused by S. pneumoniae‚ arthritis & peritonitis or meningitis & bacteremia? both 4. What can society do to help protect itself from antimicrobial resistance‚ increase or decrease antimicrobial usage? Decrease usage 1. Staphylococcus aureus‚
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individual species of particles from the mixed culture. This is completed through the isolation technique of streak plate. The objective of this experiment is to replicate the technique of streak plate but on a much larger scale. Because it is on a larger scale the particles are able to be visually observed as they are isolated using the streaking technique as the experiment is conducted. The benefits of the streaking technique is when a cultures has multiple species they are able to be more easily
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kingdom of microorganisms was brought into life 3 billion years ago. Since then «the earth is a fundamentally a microbial planet‚ to which the micro-organisms are recent the relatively unimportant additions» (Wheelis‚ Mark‚ Principles of modern microbiology‚ 2008‚ p.1). The term microorganisms consist of bacteria‚ archaea‚ fungi‚ and protest‚ which can either be unicellular or multicellular. They first have been studied by Anton van Leeuwenhoek by the use of his own design microscope‚ in 1675. However
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Microbiology is the study of microorganisms which must be viewed with the aid of a microscope or electron microscope. The importance of microbiology includes: used in biomedical research‚ creation of medicines‚ environmental applications and new research tools. Disease causing organisms include: protists‚ bacteria‚ viruses and other microorganisms. Bacteria are important for fixing N2 in a usable form for plants. Bacteria and some fungi are important in decomposition and recycling
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Increasing evidence suggests that the alarming rise in allergic and autoimmune disorders during the past few decades is at least partly attributable to our lack of exposure to microorganisms that once covered our food and us. As nature’s blanket‚ the potentially pathogenic and benign microorganisms associated with the dirt that once covered every aspect of our preindustrial day guaranteed a time-honored co-evolutionary process that established “normal” background levels and kept our bodies from overreacting
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Open Reading Frames * (ORFs) are regions with no stop codons. All genes reside in long open reading frames * Note that stop codons in other reading frames have no effect on the gene. * Can be searched in the genome sequence. Valid only for prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. Protein Sequencing vs. DNA sequencing * We compare protein sequences‚ not DNA‚ because protein is more conserved in evolution than DNA * The organism’s survival depends on the protein being
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Muscle Study Guide Microscopic Anatomy Of A Muscle: [pic] Big(-); Muscle‚ fascicle‚ muscle fiber‚ myofibril‚ myofilaments; Small(+) Endomysium: Thin connective tissue investing each muscle cell. Epimysium: Connective tissue ensheathing the entire muscle. Fascicle: A discrete bundle of muscle cells. Fiber: A muscle cell. Myofilament: Actin- or myosin- containing structure. Perimysium: Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle. Sarcolemma: Plasma membrane of the muscle cell. Sarcomere:
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Examinations — good or bad ? "Examinations" - This is a word that causes sleepless nights‚ a word can change a cheerful person into a nervous wreck. So‚ what are examinations‚ and how can they be any good? An examination can be defined as a detailed inspection or analysis of an object or person. For example‚ an engineer will examine a structure‚ like a bridge‚ to see if it is safe. A doctor may conduct a medical examination to gauge whether a patient is healthy. In the school context‚
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a routine laboratory culture that were midstream samples for urine culture or for urinary tract infections. Negative macroscopic screened urines do not routinely require microscopic examination of urine sediment. Microscopic examination of urine sediment may be warranted when macroscopic examination is positive for blood (Hb)‚ protein (greater than a trace)‚ nitrite‚ leukocyte esterase‚ turbidity‚ or glucose concentration greater than 55mmol/l. Choices for urinalysis are urine culture only‚ Macroscopic
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