The heart wall is made up of special muscle called myocardium. Like every other living tissue‚ the myocardium itself needs a continuous supply of fresh blood. This supply of blood comes from the coronary arteries which start from the main artery (the aorta) as it leaves the left ventricle. The coronary arteries spread across the outside of the
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it to the toilet in time”). Physical examinations demonstrate S3 gallop. Cardiomegaly is present and cardiac output is decreased (evidenced by Echo result “mildly enlarged left atrium‚ ejection fraction 35%”). Other evidence includes a history of coronary artery disease and hypertension. (Brashers‚ 2012b). Diastolic heart failure is also
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Situation: Two patients in their 70s present to the office at different times today‚ each with documented heart failure: one diastolic and the other systolic‚ and both are hypertensive. First‚ discuss the difference between systolic and diastolic heart failure‚ providing appropriate pathophysiology. ACEI/ARBs are the only medications prescribed for CHF that have been found to prolong life and improve the quality of that life. EXPLAIN the mechanism of action of ACEI/ARBs and how they affect morbidity
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creates blood pressure‚ which moves the blood through the circuits; Regulates the blood supply based on the current needs of the body. THE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART The Right Atrium Receives blood from the systemic circulation (from the superior and inferior vena cava) Coronary sinus drains most of the blood in the heart wall opens into the right atrium b/w IVC and AV orifice During systole (contraction) blood is sent to into the right ventricle. The Right Ventricle Pumps blood into the pulmonary
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death worldwide (Jones 2009) estimating that one billion people are expected to die during the 21st century as a result of tobacco-related disease”(Cole 2012). Secondhand smoke (SHS) contains hundreds of toxic chemicals and is linked to cause cancer‚ coronary heart disease‚ and respiratory problems. Innocent individuals of all ages should not be impacted by the poor choices of smokers around them. After all‚ there is no risk-free level of exposure to someone else’s drifting smoke. The debate on smoking
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provide oxygen to be delivered. According to the Textbook of Basic Nursing “Pressure-reducing devices often are used because the client with CHF is at risk for skin breakdown. Dyspnea and fatigue can interfere with the client’s ability to move. Plus‚ circulation is deceased in areas where edema is present” (Rosdahl & Kowalski‚ 2012). It is very important to administer the patients medication on times and monitor if therapy if effective if not notify the provider. Have the patient participate with care because
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CHAPTER 3 PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES AND LONG-TERM ADAPTATIONS TO EXERCISE Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physiologic Responses to Episodes of Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise . . . . .
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Chapter 29‚ pp. 1091-1141; Chapter 30‚ pp. 1142-1208; Chapter 31‚ pp. 1209-1241; Chapter 32‚ pp. 1242-1265; Chapter 33‚ pp. 1266-1309; Chapter 34‚ pp. 1310-1343 Chapter 26: Altetations of Erythrocyte Function‚ pp. 989 1. Anemia‚ pp. 989. Anemia is a areduction in the total number of erythrocytes in the circulating blood or a decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin. Anemias commonly result from (1) impaired erythrocyte production‚ (2) blood loss (acute or chronic)‚ (3)increase erythrocyte
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(blockage) of a coronary artery following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque‚ which is an unstable collection of lipids (fatty acids) and white blood cells (especially macrophages) in the wall of an artery. The resulting ischemia (restriction in blood supply) and oxygen shortage‚ if left untreated for a sufficient period of time‚ can cause damage or death (infarction) of heart muscle tissue (myocardium). Cause: It is usually caused by reduced blood flow in the coronary artery. Conditions
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History 1301 Why you should not smoke Have you ever been walking into a store and a pungent smell slaps you across the face? You turn around only to see that someone is smoking a cigarette. Have you ever wondered the affects that smoking would cause? How would smoking affect a person’s appearance and health? Have you ever wondered just how many people smoke worldwide? According to the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention)‚ about 43.8 million US adults (21.6 percent of men and 16.5 percent
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