Summary of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides‚ Disaccharides‚ Polysaccharides Carbohydrates are molecules that are synthesized from carbon‚ oxygen‚ and hydrogen atoms. Some types of carbohydrates consist of a single unit consisting of a few atoms‚ while other carbohydrates consists of thousands of units linked together through chemical bonds. Glucose‚ maltose‚ and glycogen are three carbohydrates that are similar‚ but structurally different. Carbohydrates have the general molecular formula CH2O. Starch
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Disaccharides Sucrose A crystalline disaccharide of fructose and glucose‚ C12H22O11‚ found in many plants but extracted as ordinary sugar mainly from sugarcane and sugar beets‚ widely used as a sweetener or preservative and in the manufacture of plastics and soaps‚ also called saccharose. Sucrose is one of the main products of photosynthesis and the most common transport sugar in plants. It is also a no reducing disaccharide‚ and is synthesized in the cytosol via the phosphorylated intermediate
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Polysaccharides: From Waste Products to Smart Materials Dr. Caroline L. Schauer Polysaccharides are simply carbohydrates formed by combination or chain of monosaccharides and are a very common organic compound found in nature. We are exposed to them various times a day and they make up an important part of our Earth. Some common polysaccharides are: cellulose‚ chitin (in seafood)‚ starch‚ alginate‚ hydroaluronic acid‚ chondritin sulfate‚ glycogen‚ xylan‚ pectin‚ and various others. Polysaccharides
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Polysaccharide Biotechnology essay “It has been claimed that polysaccharides are relatively simple substances without much variety in terms of their structure and their application in an industrial or medical contact.” Write an essay giving a reasoned treatise why you do or do not agree with this statement. In your answer‚ compare and contrast the structure‚ costs of production‚ possibility for chemical/enzymatic modification and the industrial applications of two structural polysaccharides (such
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BOILING AND CONDENSATION BOILING • Phase change phenomenon where in transformation of liquid to vapour occurs at the saturation temperature of the fluid. It occurs at a solid/liquid interface due to convection heat transfer from the solid and usually occurs at surface temperatures higher than the saturation temperature of the fluid Agitation of fluid by vapor bubbles provides large convection coefficients Modified Newton’s law of cooling qs’’ h Ts Tsat Te • • • BOILING – CLASSIFICATON
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MONOSACCHARIDES AND DISACCHARIDES Section 1 Relative solubility of Glucose and Galactose Result of the experiment: | |Weight of the |The weight of |Water added (g)|Weight of the |The weight of the|Amount of the |The saturation | | |beaker (g) |the beaker | |magnetic bar |beaker and |sugar added (mg)|points of the | | | |together with | |(g) |magnetic
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Introduction: Aldol Condensation‚ a useful carbon-carbon bond-forming is the an example of a reaction named based on the type of product formed. This product formed involves two aldehydes or ketones in the presence of dilute base‚ yields a molecule having both aldehyde and alcohol. The aldol products are β-hydroxyaldehydes or β- hydroxyketones. Condensation reaction is the transformation that result from combination of large molecules to produce another larger molecule. In an aldol condensation‚ β-hydroxyaldehyde
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“SPORTS RULE THE MIND” (A paragraph condensation) The argument between a sports lover‚ and an academic supporter. 1) Sports cause a lot of kids to be absent from their classes. 2) 2) His tally averages 22 hours per week. 3) 3) The janitors services are disrupted due to sports. 4) 4) Lost school time + Practice time = 42 days per semester. 5) 5) Dollar costs in custodial‚ secretarial and travel expenses are revealed. 6) 6) He
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A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO TWO-PHASE FLOWS Condensation and boiling heat transfer Herv´ Lemonnier e DM2S/STMF/LIEFT‚ CEA/Grenoble‚ 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9 Ph. +33(0)4 38 78 45 40‚ herve.lemonnier@cea.fr herve.lemonnier.sci.free.fr/TPF/TPF.htm ECP‚ 2011-2012 HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISMS • Condensation heat transfer: – drop condensation – film condensation • Boiling heat transfer: – Pool boiling‚ natural convection‚ ´bullition en vase e – Convective boiling‚ forced convection‚ • Only for pure fluids. For
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Aldol Condensation Formal Abstract: An aldol condensation reaction was performed on acetophenone using p-anisaldehyde and sodium hydroxide as a base. This produced trans-p-anisalacetophenone in the form of a fluffy yellow crystal. The reaction was performed in a test tube and sodium hydroxide was added drop by drop followed by recrystallization and vacuum filtration. In order to verify the presence of the ketone 2‚4-dinitrophenylhydrazone was synthesized and reacted with trans-p-anisalacetophenone
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