CAUSATION Causation refers to inquiry as to whether the defendants conduct (or omission) caused the harm or damage. Causation must be established in all result crimes. In criminal liability it is divided into Factual causation and Legal causation. Factual causation is the starting point and consist of applying the ‘but for’ test. In most instances where there exists no complicating factors‚ factual causation on its own will suffice to establish causation. However‚ in some circumstances it will also
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PRINCIPLE OF CAUSATION Every criminal action can be divided into actus reus‚ mens rea and causation. Actus reus compacts with the ‘guilty act’‚ mens rea with the ‘guilty mind’ and the causation compacts with the consequences of the actus. In crimes‚ which require consequence like murder‚ causation is a essential and imperative element. The absence of causation between the actus and the consequence may render a verdict untenable in spite of the existence of the necessary mens rea and actus reus
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Biological theories of crime causation adhere to the principle that many behavioral predispositions‚ including aggression and criminality are constitutionally or physiologically influenced and inherited of the first basic principles of biological theories is the mind and locus of personality which is the organ brain. The brain is the organ of behavior. We have the basic determinants of human behavior passed on from generation to generation. Human behavior and traits are genetically based to a considerable
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Causation of Crime The two theories I chose to compare and contrast are the Trait and Choice theories. These two theories explain why people commit crimes but differ in reasoning. I found that the main difference in between the two is that the choice theory states that if people want to commit a crime they will if the benefits outweighs the punishment. The trait theory differs because it deals with testosterone and whether or not people with lower IQ’s are more liable to commit crimes
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Sociological and Psychological Theories of Crime Causation The aim of this essay is to compare‚ contrast and evaluate two sociological theories of crime causation and two psychological theories of crime causation. Sociological Theories of crime‚ Labelling and Structural Functionalism/ Strain. Howard Becker is a sociologist that is often credited with the development of the labelling theory. However the origins of this theory can be traced back to sociologists at the beginning of the twentieth century
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Causation and Correlation Jennifer PSY/285 Darren Iwamoto July 17‚ 2013 Causation and Correlation Correlation does not imply causation. According to “statistical Language Correlation and Causation” (Correlation is a statistical measure (expressed as a number) that describes the size and direction of a relationship between two or more variables. A correlation between variables‚ however‚ does not automatically mean that the change in one variable is the cause of the change in the values of
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Causation and Correlation Mary Lee Choate PSY/285 Due April 6‚ 2012 Instructor- Chantell Hines When differentiating between causation and correlation‚ it is extremely significant in systematic thought. These two notions get confused with one another whether it is a misinterpretation or having the aspiration to provide a reasonable description for scientific observations. As a result‚ it is crucial to have the understanding of the difference between the two concepts. In this writing I will
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According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2010) the web of causation “…recognizes the complex interrelationships of many factors interacting‚ sometimes in subtle ways‚ to increase (or decrease) the risk of disease” (p. 163). All things that can affect risk of disease are divided into one of three categories‚ agents‚ host‚ or environment. Examples of agents include infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses‚ chemical agents such as heavy metals and pesticides‚ or physical agents such as heat‚ cold
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Normal accident theory and Swiss cheese model are influential models in studying system accident causation. This paper is going to help us to gain understanding of both models and to critically compare them. The first part of the study is an introduction of the both models. In the second part‚ Three Mile Island nuclear accident will be taken as an example to see how the models analyse causations of an accident. In this part‚ the fact of the accident will be presented first‚ then normal accident theory
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NAZARENE UNIVERSITY School of Law Criminology and Penology (Law 214) Lecturer: Mr. James MAMBOLEO Topic:”Emile Durkheim’s Theory of Crime and Crime Causation” Dan KASHIRONGE _ 13j01allb043 Abstract The concept of “crime” has over the ages been subject to various definitions as the society tries to address it. Criminology is thus the study of crime and crime causation. It concerns itself with understanding the deep essence of crime as an act or omission‚ and all the reasons behind its occurrence
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