the simplest or chemical level and culminating with the highest level-the whole organism Chemical level – atoms (and their parts)‚ and combinations of atoms called molecures Cellular level – cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. Tissue level – tissue are groups of similar cells (and their intercellular material)‚ which work together toward a specific function. Examples include blood‚ muscle‚ nerves‚ ets mostly a common embryo group. Organ level – a structure composed
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Experiment title: Preparation of Biological Materials for Microscopic Examination Objectives: 1. To learn how to use a microscope. 2. To study the cell structure of starch grains‚ onion cells and cheek cells. 3. To differentiate the difference between starch grains‚ onion cells and cheek cells. Introduction: Microscope is an optical instrument use to magnify micro objects that hardly or impossible to be observed by naked eyes‚ so that the objects can be studied. Compound light microscope
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CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE Cells are the smallest functional units of the body‚ (Waugh‚ A. and Grant‚ A.2010). Most cells are microscopic. The largest cell in the body is the female ovum. The erythrocyte is the smallest cell. The longest cell is the neuron. Cells group together to form tissues‚ each of which has specialised function. Different tissues group together to form organs. Organs are group together to form organ systems‚ each of which performs a particular function that
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Cell Respiration Respiration is the process by which organisms burn food to produce energy. The starting material of cellular respiration is the sugar glucose‚ which has energy stored in its chemical bonds. You can think of glucose as a kind of cellular piece of coal: chock-full of energy‚ but useless when you want to power a stereo. Just as burning coal produces heat and energy in the form of electricity‚ the chemical processes of respiration convert the energy in glucose into usable form. Adenosine
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Procedure 2: DNA Extraction from Cheek Cells Materials: Water‚ Clear Dish Soap‚ Table Salt‚ Isopropyl Alcohol (70%) or Ethanol‚ Food Coloring 1. To 200 Ml drinking water add two teaspoons of salt 2. Gargle the salt water for 1 minute. 3. Spit the gargled water into a beaker (or new cup). Now your cheek cells are suspended in the salt water. 4. Gently stir the salt water with one drop of soap (try to avoid air bubbles) 5. In a separate beaker (or cup)‚ mix 20 ml isopropyl alcohol and 1-3 drops
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and animal cells have several differences and similarities. For example‚ animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but plant cells do. Animal cells are round and irregular in shape while plant cells have fixed‚ rectangular shapes. Animal Cell Plant Cell Cell wall Absent Present (formed of cellulose) Shape Round (irregular shape) Rectangular (fixed shape) Vacuole One or more small vacuoles (much smaller than plant cells). One‚ large central vacuole taking up 90% of cell volume.
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PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL LECTURER : ENCIK AZHAR GROUP’S NAME : 2. Mohd Alimi 3. Suraya Hani 4. Norhaswana CONTENT INTRODUCTION 3 WHAT IS CELL? 4-5 HISTORY OF CELLS DISCOVERY 6 ANIMAL CELL 7 PLANT CELL
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PLANT CELL Introduction Plant cell is the basic unit of structure and function in nearly all plants. The range of specialization and the character of association of plant cells are very wide. In the simplest plant forms a single cell constitutes a whole organism and carries out all the life functions. In just slightly more complex forms‚ cells are associated structurally‚ but each cell appears to carry out the fundamental life functions‚ although certain ones may be specialized
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This paper is about how the plant cells and solar cells are similar to each other as well as how they are different to one another. In addition this paper explains how the laws of thermodynamics apply to each of the plant and solar cells system. Plant Cells and Solar Cells Photosynthesis is the process of producing and releasing oxygen in the air. It needs sunlight‚ carbon dioxide and
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are important to understanding cell injury and cell death regardless of the injuring agent” (Heuther & McCance‚ 2012). Cellular injury arises when a cell is unable to sustain homeostasis. The injury can be reversed if the cell can recover from whatever damage was done but if it does not recover the cell will die. The three common forms of cell injury are hypoxic injury‚ free radicals and reactive oxygen species injury‚ and chemical injury. The most common form of cell injury is hypoxic injury‚ or
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