Genes and Genetic Disorders PSY 104 October 29‚ 2011 Genes and Genetic Disorders When answering the question‚ “How does a child develop?” it is impossible to determine each individual influence that decides who a child becomes (Hamosh‚ Scott‚ Amberger‚ Bocchini‚ & McKusick‚ 2005). What can be determined are the most obvious influences‚ which are genetics‚ parenting‚ experiences‚ friends‚ and family relationships. These factors play the biggest roles in a child’s development‚ and can
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Compound Microscope Parts A high power or compound microscope achieves higher levels of magnification than a stereo or low power microscope. It is used to view smaller specimens such as cell structures which cannot be seen at lower levels of magnification. Essentially‚ a compound microscope consists of structural and optical components. However‚ within these two basic systems‚ there are some essential components that every microscopist should know and understand. These key microscope parts are illustrated
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describe the sequence of events that occurs during each phase. There are two main stages of the cell cycle‚ with multiple subdivisions within each. Interphase is the first stage‚ and it’s composed of G1 (contents of the cell are duplicated sans the chromosomes)‚ S (chromosomal duplication)‚ and G2 (checkpoints) phase. After interphase‚ there is the mitotic phase. The mitotic phase is composed of mitosis (division) and then cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm=2 daughter cells). The cell cycle ultimately
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somatic cells‚ or body cells‚ are divided. Let’s say the parent cell has four chromatids. These chromatid will replicate and form four chromosome pairs‚ a total of eight sister chromatids. In Prophase‚ these chromosomes will line up‚ head-to-toe. Spindle fibers will begin to form as well. The new spindle fibers will attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes in Metaphase. In Anaphase‚ the sister chromatids will be split apart and taken to opposite sides of the cell. The cell membrane will begin
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parent cell (diploid)‚ which contains two copies of each chromosome. The cell then goes through DNA copying and two cycles of cell division‚ also known as Meiosis I and Meiosis II. When the cell goes through this cycle‚ it creates four haploid‚ which means they contain half of the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Meiosis I begins with Prophase I. In Prophase I‚ the chromatin becomes smaller and creates chromosomes. The pair of chromosomes are known as sister chromatids that are joined together
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Wilson’s disease is a rare genetic disorder that prevents an individual from excreting excess copper from their body‚ eventually leading to toxic levels of copper. The chromosomes affected in this disorder are the pair of the thirteenth chromosomes‚ specifically the ATP7B gene which is located in the long arm of each chromosome thirteen and contains the DNA needed to make copper regulating proteins. A point or frame-shift DNA mutation occurs in the ATP7B during meiosis leaving the individual with
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will inherit 23 chromosomes from each parent (23 pairs overall). Out of these‚ 22 pairs of chromosomes will account for physical characteristics such as your height‚ hair colour‚ skin colour etc. Which means that 1 pair of chromosomes are responsible in your gender. In order to give birth to a male baby there must be a Y chromosome in the form of XY which is given by the sperm cell‚ it is in the absence of this chromosome that female babies are developed‚ producing an XX chromosome balance. In the
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Cri Du Chat is a genetic disorder that is also known as chromosome deletion 5p syndrome and also monosomy 5p syndrome. When first discovered in 1963 it was recognized as a defective B group chromosome‚ and was then later recognized as the fifth chromosome‚ or 5p. Its name is French‚ and means “Cry of the Cat” referring to the distinctive cry of children with this disorder. This cry can help doctors make an informed guess as to whether the baby has the disease. Cri du chat is one of the most common
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cells produced during meiosis have half the chromosome number as the original cell. There are two cell divisions in meiosis‚ meiosis l and meiosis ll. These cell divisions produce 4 hapolid daughter cells. Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes‚ which is written as n. Meiosis consists of nine phases. In meiosis the interphase l the chromosomes replicate and the centrosome duplicates in one diploid cell. Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes‚ they received one from each parent. During
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the presence of three copies of the 21st chromosome. As a result‚ the affected person has 47 chromosomes in all body cells instead of the normal 46‚ although how this causes the condition’s symptoms is not yet known. Scientists assume that the reason for the abnormal chromosomal assortment is the fertilization of an ovum having 24 chromosomes by a sperm with a normal assortment of 23‚ but they have also found that the sperm can carry the extra chromosome as well. The abnormal ovum or sperm is derived
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