mitochondria‚ where it is converyed to a molecule called Acetyl CoA for further breakdown. 3: The Krebs Cycle‚ or Citric Acid Cycle: Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix‚ the liquid part of the mitochondria. 4: The Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis ("the big ATP payoff"). Occurs in the christae of the mirochondria‚ the folded membranes inside the chloroplast. How many Enzymes are involved in the Krebs Cycle? There are 8 enzymes involved in the cycle.These are; 1. Citrate 2. Isocitrate
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Communication‚ Homeostasis & Energy Communication & Homeostasis Outline the need for communication systems within multicellular organisms‚ with reference to the need to respond to changes in the internal and external environment and to co-ordinate the activities of different organs. Organisms need to respond to external stimuli‚ e.g. temperature‚ oxygen concentration and levels of sunlight. These may be over time‚ e.g. winter fur to summer fur‚ or quickly‚ e.g. changing size of pupils. Internal
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Aerobic cellular respiration and oxygenic photosynthesis are two cellular processes that have evolved in similar ways. Cellular respiration is responsible for the process of ATP‚ meanwhile oxygenic photosynthesis is the process of turning light energy into food. It is evident that both of these processes have their own reactants‚ products‚ and biochemical pathways. Both of these processes have evolved from their primitive original state‚ but it is important to understand that oxygenic photosynthesis
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releases energy‚ used to generate ATP from ADP in a process called chemiosmosis • photophosphorylation – occurs in photosynthetic cells‚ which contain light-trapping pigments (chlorophyll); light cause chlorophyll to give up electrons. Energy released from the transfer of electrons (oxidation) of chlorophyll thru a system of carrier molecules is used to generate ATP. c) Oxidation – the removal of electrons d) Chemiosmosis – process whereby energy is released when protons moves along a gradient
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Tentative Lecture Schedule (If needed‚ the schedule will be revised. Please use Bb Learn for updates) Week Date Topic 2- Sept 1 Labor Day (University closed) Sept 3 What are the major components of the cell? Cells & organelles; organelle dynamics. What happens to a cell when an organelle malfunctions? Students who have not completed ALL of the assignments will be administratively dropped from the course Describe the structure of the plasma membrane. How does its structure
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Science 1. A‚ because organisms need carbohydrate‚ vitamins‚ and minerals and other nutrients to gain energy and proteins to live and to continue metabolism. B‚ The amount of energy stored in macromolecules varies because their chemicals structures‚ and there for the energy contain in their chemical differ. 2. 6O2 + 62H1206 -> 6O2 + 6H2O + Energy B The process of cellular respiration provides the energy a cell needs to carry processes‚ which in turn control the cell’s internal conditions.
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membrane during the production of oxygen. The source of these electrons are NADH and FADH2 which are the key molecules in this process and as these electrons are passed along this series of enzymes‚ they give up energy which is used to carry out chemiosmosis by which H+ ions are actively transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the outer mitochondrial compartment. Next‚ the H+ ions then flow back through special pores in the membrane‚ and the process is thought to drive the process
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Biology Honors Final Exam Review Study Guide A. Intro Unit * Characteristics of life (DR.CHARGE) * DNA * Directs protein synthesis * Reproduce * Divides in mitosis (asexual reproduction) * Cells * Homeostasis * The process by which cells maintain constant internal condition (water‚ temperature) * Adaptation (Evolution) * Respond to stimulus * Growth (Development) * Energy * Heterotroph: an organism that cannot synthesize its own food
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For 3 of the following 5 processes involving energy transfer‚ explain how each functions in the cell and give an example. Explain how ATP is involved in each example you choose. Cellular movement Active transport Synthesis of molecules Chemiosmosis Fermentation 1982: Describe the similarities and differences between the biochemical pathways of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. Include in your discussion the major reactions‚ the end products‚ and energy transfers
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Chapter 9- Cellular Respiration & Metabolism Life is Work! Living Cells- we all require transfusion of energy from the outside For us- it comes from food Plant Friends- sun (light) Most ecosystems- flows in as sunlight & out as heat Panda- obtains energy from eating plants Catabolic Pathways Yield energy by oxidizing food Exergonic reaction- gives up energy Ex. Cellular Respiration Most efficient Take in food‚ break it down‚ yields energy Yield energy by transferring electrons Redox Reaction
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