CHM 3411 – Problem Set 6 Due date: Wednesday‚ March 23rd. Do all of the following problems. Show your work. 1) Consider the cyclic molecule C8H8‚ the eight carbon analogue to benzene. a) Write the secular detrerminant corresponding to the pi-bonding in C8H8. b) Using the secular determinant‚ the following energies are found for the pi-bonding molecular orbitals: 1 = + 2 2 = + 1.41 (two states) 3 = (two states) 4 = - 1.41 (two states) 5 = - 2 Give the electron
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Introduction: During this laboratory exercise will identify by the graph given which is isotonic‚ hypotonic‚ or hypertonic. The kidneys are a pair of fist-sized organs located outside the peritoneal cavity on each side of the spine. The kidney is a highly specialized organ that maintains the internal environment of the body by selectively excreting or retaining various substances according to specific body needs. The process of urine formation and adjustment of blood composition involves three
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Questions and Hypothesis: Seed germination‚ plant growth‚ and sprouting of leaves are affected by several factors: supply of nutrients‚ water‚ exposure to sunlight‚ and conditions of surroundings. Due to certain stimuli in the surroundings plant “hormones” cause plants to behave in ways that ensure the most efficient use of resources while preserving the most energy. One stimulus to consider‚ is the exposure of plants to sunlight; when plants are just sprouting and are underground‚ the sti
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Title: The Effect of Varying Amounts of Substrate and Enzyme on a Reaction Rate Abstract In living organisms‚ certain reactions must take place rapidly to assist life. This occurs because of enzymes‚ because all reactions would take place too slowly to sustain life (Jacklet‚ 237). Enzymes are large protein molecules that catalyze specific chemical reactions without being used up in the process. Each enzyme has a region on its surface‚ called the active site‚ which recognizes a specific
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of soil to ensure that all the site is safe‚ not just a small area where you would have taken your first sample from. I will return to the lab with the samples of soil I have extracted from the site. Here I will make a solution from the samples in order to carry out the identification tests. In order to turn my soil samples
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Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to see how the colour of an apple would change (browning) over time‚ when placed in different conditions. When referring to the term “browning”‚ it is meant to imply the change of colour that occurs inside the apple‚ giving an appearance that is distasteful (Di Guardo et al.‚ 2013). Specifically‚ within this lab the apple was cut into 4 pieces with 3 pieces being placed on a weigh boat‚ and a 4th piece placed in a beaker of water. These weigh boats were
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speeds up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide The students have studied that Hydrogen peroxide is a jeopardy to metabolism if it’s not obliterated. Enzymes are proteins produced by living cells of that act as catalysts which affects the rate of biochemical reaction by speeds up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas. The students have formed a hypothesis toward this experiment. If the speed of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is related to the temperature then in high temperature it will
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concentrations of peroxidase and its reaction rate in seconds‚ we were able to see that as the amount of enzyme increased the catalytic reaction also increased. The optimal amount of peroxidase concentration to be used in the subsequent experiments was determined to be 1.0 mL. Any amount above this would have caused the rate of absorbance to be too fast‚ making it too difficult to get accurate readings. Any amount below this would not have produced a reaction “at an appreciable rate.” (Dolphin
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Alyssa Caparelli Organic Chemistry 12A Professor Alston October 28‚ 2014 Isolation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments from Spinach Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to isolate ß-carotene‚ chlorophyll-A‚ and chlorophyll-B from spinach using column chromatography. Spinach was dehydrated using ethanol‚ and the pigments were extracted with dichloromethane. The spinach extracts were dried using CaCl2. Then‚ the solid pigments were run through a column using a non-polar solvent‚ hexane
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Title- Effecting the Reaction Rate in Enzymes in Plants and Animals Problem- How do variables temperature and surface area affect the rate of reaction occurring in the enzyme? Information- Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. They speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. Enzymes can be found in both liver and potato. They provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react. These reactants are called substrates that fin into the enzyme. The changing
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