CH. 2 NEUROSCIENCE & BEHAVIOR Part 1 I. Our Genetic Inheritance Neuroscience: scientific study of the biology of behavior & mental processes Behavioral Genetics: study of the relative effects of heredity & environment on behavior & mental processes Genes & DNA -The nucleus of every cell contains genes‚ which carry the code for hereditary transmission -Genes are arranged along chromosomes (strands of paired DNA). Evolutionary Psychology: studies how natural selection & adaptation
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Opening Notes: * Interest and research in the brain is at an all-time pace The cure for some common diseases such as Alzheimer’s‚ Parkinson’s and Multiple Sclerosis has accelerated the efforts of many scientists * Many of the names for the parts of the brain have come from Latin and Greek words * The easiest way to learn about the brain is to look at it as three divisions; the hindbrain‚ the midbrain and the forebrain * Modern imaging has allowed us to study the brain and locate
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- Appear to be in all brain function - Receptive to neuronal cells and newly stem cells— we may find cure to cognitive deficits such as Alzheimer’s‚ Parkinson’s‚ and other forms of deficits including dementia - Also may appear to thoughts— cerebral cortex high cognitive functions. Structure of a neuron Dendrites: receive information from other cells.On dendrites you have receptors— little openings. When a neuron is not stimulated or an action potential it is considered to be at rest or polarized
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Bolded Items are Potential Short Answer Questions Theories Individual differences vs. General Development Continuous development—gradual production over time (Ex: Infant cannot yet imitate parents‚ but will eventually be able to understand language. Discontinuous development—all of the sudden there is a dramatic change (stage theories‚ Piaget assumes this). Universal stages—children everywhere follow the same sequence of development. Contexts—unique combinations of genetics and environmental
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The Brain and Reflex Behaviors The growth of the brain is a lifelong process fundamental to physical‚ cognitive‚ and emotional development. Building of the brain The functions of the brain and the reflexes derive from the central nervous system. The central nervous system is located in the brain and the spinal cord‚ which is a bundle of nerves running through the backbone. The nervous cord in spine then branches out into a peripheral network of nerves extending to every part of the body
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(“disorganized”) and simple subtypes. If the patient does not fit into any subtype‚ then the patient will be characterized as having “undifferentiated” schizophrenia. An important focus in the study of schizophrenia has been the abnormal lateralization; since‚ cerebral asymmetries reflect normal developmental processes (Crow‚ T.J.‚ Colter‚ N.‚ Frith‚ CD.‚ Johnstone‚ E.C. & Owens‚ D.G.C.‚ 1989) there have been lesser anatomical and functional asymmetries in patients with schizophrenic symptoms than
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Campbell’s AP Biology Notes Chapter 48: Nervous Systems Command and Control Center * The human brain contains an estimated 100 billion nerve cells‚ or neurons * Each neuron my communicate with thousands of other neurons * Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technology that can reconstruct a 3-D map of brain activity * The results of brain imaging and other research methods reveal that groups of neurons function in specialized circuits dedicated to different tasks
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“Genes determine intelligence” critically discuss the contemporary evidence. Research on intelligence has been around for centuries one of the earliest known testing is said to be as early as 2200 BC where Chinese administrators tested civil servants periodically to make sure they acquired the necessary abilities/skills for their job. Today psychologist now test on weather intelligence is genetically induced and if so to what extent by taking into account environmental factors‚ using methods like
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Psychology chapter three vocabulary nervous system‚ a collection of hundreds of billions of specialized and interconnected cells through which messages are sent between the brain and the rest of the body. The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS)‚ made up of the brain and the spinal cord‚ and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)‚ the neurons that link the CNS to our skin‚ muscles‚ and glands. And we will see that our behavior is also influenced in large part by the endocrine
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Journey of the brain-Birth to late adulthood Child development is crucial throughout the early years‚ during this time the development of the brain occurs and continues through late adulthood. The development of the brain contributes to the functioning of the body. The anatomy of the brain is made up of neurons and divided into four different lobes. The temporal‚ frontal‚ parietal‚ and occipital lobes control a variety of cognitive functions (Santrock‚ 2013). The
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