p53: Structure‚ Function and Therapeutic Applications Ling Bai and Wei-Guo Zhu1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology‚ Peking University Health Science Center‚ Beijing‚ China [L. Bai‚ W.-G. Zhu]; Department of Biotechnology‚ Guilin Medical College‚ Guilin‚ China [L. Bai] Since the p53 tumor suppressor gene has been found to be mutated in more than 50% of human cancers‚ it has attracted the interest of numerous researchers. The capacity of p53 for multiple biological functions can be
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cytology may be defined as that branch of science‚ which deals with the morphology and physiology of the cell. Cytogenetics: Combined study of cytology and genetics. History Events (cytology and Genetics) |Year |Events | |1665 |R. Hooke – Introduced the term “cell” | |1830
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ENZYME STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS: Enzymes are biological catalysts. They increase the rate of reactions by a factor of between 106 to 1012 times‚ allowing the chemical reactions that make life possible to take place at normal temperatures Definition of enzyme: A protein with catalytic properties due to its power of specific activation is defined as an enzyme. STRUCTURE Enzymes are proteins their function depends on its complexity. The reaction takes place in a small part of the enzyme
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Chapter 2 Integrin Structure and Function Manakan Betsy Srichai and Roy Zent Abstract Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric glycoprotein receptors first discovered over twenty years ago. They exist as two noncovalently bound a- and b- subunits that function as adhesion molecules and play key roles in many biological processes including actin cytoskeleton organization and transduction of intracellular signals regulating cellular functions. Integrins bind a variety of extracellular matrices
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Prokaryotic cells are single celled organisms that were formed at the formation of the earth‚ so are the most basic life forms. The prokaryotes are organised in the ‘three domain system’ and include bacteria and blue-green algae. Prokaryotes live in many environments including extreme habitats such as hydrothermal vents‚ hot springs‚ swamps‚ wetlands‚ and the guts of animals. This is a diagram of a prokaryote cell and it shows that they are not very complex cells. They do not contain any membrane
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nineteen- nineties revealed that ribozymes‚ molecules made of ribonucleic acid (RNA)‚ act as a catalyst in the transformation of an RAN molecule. Scientists concluded from the new discovery that the informational molecule RNA may have once been able to function without proteins (Dousti‚ 1995). However‚ enzymes are strictly proteins‚ and thus are subject to denaturation in certain conditions (Campbell and Reece‚ 2002). 1 Figure 1 Enzymes are granted the task of breaking bonds within the monomers of
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Give an account of protein structure and function Protein structure 1 Proteins consist of amino acids joined together (in chains) 2 A protein is unique because of the sequence of amino acids 3 The amino acids are joined by strong peptide bonds 4 to produce the primary structure 5 Further (weak) hydrogen bonding between acids 6 produce the secondary and tertiary structures A maximum of 4 marks can be gained from this section. Protein function 7 Some proteins are enzymes + named example
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primary organelles in eukaryotic cells that involve in the transformation of energy‚ thus in production and consumption respectively. The chloroplast is an organelle present only in plant cells and some prokaryotes. At the same time they are absent in animal cells. It’s through the chloroplast that entry of energy to a cell takes place where sunlight is used to trap and convert carbon to sugar‚ which is basically chemical energy that is utilizable by plant cells. Meanwhile‚ the mitochondrion is
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Lipids are made up of carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen (phospholipids also contain phosphate) and are found in a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to eukaryotes where they perform a wide variety of useful functions. This essay will expand on these functions to describe the role of lipids. There are several types of lipid including triglycerides‚ steroids‚ waxes and phospholipids. Triglycerides are made up of three fatty acids combined with glycerol by an ester linkage meaning they are predominantly
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control as exchange Main function of stomata : Allow enough C02 to enter the leaf to optimize photosynthesis‚ while conserving as much water as possible Structure of stomata * Each stomata consists of a stoma (minute pore) which are surrounded by 2 guard cells. * Stomata closes and opens according to the turgidity of the guard cells * Stomata also allows for cooling of the leaf by loss of water through transpiration to lower leaf temperature * Guard cells open and close to control
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