Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors are Reliably Important? Murray Z. Frank1 and Vidhan K. Goyal2 First draft: March 14‚ 2003. Current draft: December 20‚ 2003. ABSTRACT This paper examines the relative importance of 38 factors in the leverage decisions of publicly traded U.S. firms from 1950 to 2000. The most reliable factors are median industry leverage (+ effect on leverage)‚ market-to-book ratio (-)‚ collateral (+)‚ bankruptcy risk as measured by Altman’s Z-Score (-)‚ dividend-paying
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Capital Structure and Profit Capital Structure Definition A unite of a company’s long-term debt‚ specific short-term debt‚ common equity and preferred equity. The capital structure is how a firm finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds. Debt comes in the form of bond issues or long-term notes payable‚ whereas equity is classified as common stock‚ preferred stock or retained earnings. Also‚ Short-term debt such as working capital requirements is considered
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Capital Structure Practice Problems 1. Hayfin Enterprises has the following operating results and capital structure: Hayfin Enterprises ($000s) | | | Financial Data | | Revenue | $ 6‚000 | Operating Expenses | $ (4‚500) | EBIT (Operating Profit) | $ 1‚500 | | | Debt | $ 1‚200 | Equity | $ 8‚800 | Total Capital | $ 10‚000 | Interest rate on debt = 9% Share price = $25 (MV = BV) The firm is contemplating
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Chapter 12 Capital Structure and Leverage LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter‚ students should be able to: • Explain why capital structure policy involves a trade-off between risk and return‚ and list the four primary factors that influence capital structure decisions. • Distinguish between a firm’s business risk and its financial risk. • Explain how operating leverage contributes to a firm’s business risk and conduct a breakeven analysis‚ complete with
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) complaints‚ which assert varying claims‚ including breach of contract‚ and violations of ERISA‚ state and federal law‚ all allege that the prices BNY Mellon charged and reported for standing instruction foreign exchange transactions executed in connection with custody services provided by BNY Mellon were improper. In addition‚ BNY Mellon has been named as a nominal defendant in several derivative lawsuits filed on various dates in 2011 and 2012
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Mumbai company cons HSBC of Rs 330 crore MUMBAI: The Economic Offence Wing (EOW) of Mumbai police have registered a Rs 330 crore cheating and forgery case against a city-based company and its representatives on Tuesday for duping HSBC by securing investment with fake promises. The accused told the bank that they entered into contract with BBC to upgrade their entire library from 2-D to 3-D. The accused wanted to purchase technical equipment and programs for it and asked for the money. They submitted
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Executive Summary HSBC wants to be known as the world’s local bank and this tagline reflects HSBC positioning as a globe spanning financial institution with a unique focus on serving local markets. The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd (HSBC) was established in 1865 to finance the growing trade between China and the United Kingdom and currently‚ it is the second largest bank in the world. In spite of serving more than 100 million customers through 9500 branches in 79 countries‚ the
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http://kycaml.org/ 1. PREAMBLE KYC procedures enable the Company to know/understand their customers and their financial dealings better which in turn help them manage their risks prudently and prevent the Companys from being used‚ intentionally or unintentionally‚ by criminal elements for money laundering activities This policy has also been framed keeping in mind various guidelines and circulars issued by National Housing Bank from time to time. The policy has the following four key pillars:
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CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION Market penetration is one of the four growth strategies of the Product-Market Growth Matrix as defined by Ansoff. Market penetration occurs when a company enters/penetrates a market in which current products already exist. The best way to achieve this is by gaining competitors ’ customers (part of their market share). Other ways include attracting non-users of your product or convincing current clients to use more of your product/service (by advertising etc.). Ansoff
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Profile of company HSBC has got over 7.500 offices in 87 countries. It is very widespread and has around 220.000 shareholders in 124 countries and territories. HSBC provides a full range of financial services being Personal Financial Services‚ Commercial Banking‚ Corporate Investment Banking and Markets Private Banking. HSBC is mainly operating in Europe‚ Hong Kong‚ Asia-pacific region‚ Australia and America. HSBC is interested in the emerging markets of Asia-Pacific region and is continuously
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