Human Physiology – Spring 2013 Chapter 12 Study Questions 1. Group 1 should become experts on the structure of a sarcomere. 2. Group 2 should become experts on the sliding filament theory. 3. Group 3 should become experts on the contractile cycle of skeletal muscle. 4. Group 4 should become experts on excitation-contraction coupling. 5. Group 5 should become experts on summation and tetanus. 6. Group 6 should become experts on smooth muscle contraction. 7. What are
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OSTEOPOROSIS Stroehlein OBJECTIVES Osteoporosis • Porous bones • Systemic skeletal disease-loss of bone mass (low bone density) • Increased bone fragility-risk for fracture • 44 million Americans‚ more than one tenth of the population • One of the most common disorders associated with aging ‚although NOT a consequence of normal aging Risk Factors and the Effects on Bone Typical Loss of Height Associated with Osteoporosis and Aging Manifestations • Loss of height • Pain does not occur unless
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Review of Literature The question being asked here would be “Does a plant grow bigger if watered with milk? Or water?” In my opinion the answer would be milk because milk contains vitamins and calcium that water does not have‚ but the answer is to be found out later during the project. Well‚ it is known that for a plant to survive it will definitely need air‚ soil‚ water‚ light‚ and space to grow‚ but maybe if we replaced water with milk‚ plants could grow bigger and quicker‚ you never
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Extraction of Aluminium Aluminium ore is called bauxite. Bauxite contains aluminium oxide‚ water‚ iron oxide and other impurities. The purified dry ore‚ called alumina‚ is aluminium oxide (Al2O3). The alumina must be molten for electrolysis to work‚ since the ions are not free to move in the solid state. Unfortunately‚ alumina has a high melting point (2040 °C) and it is not practical to do electrolysis at such a high temperature. In the middle of the nineteenth century it was found that alumina
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control the calcium in our bodies – how much calcium is in our bones‚ and how much calcium is in our blood. Parathyroid glands secrete or make a hormone‚ called parathyroid hormone or PTH. The parathyroid glands measure the amount of calcium in the blood every minute of every day and if the calcium levels go down a little bit‚ the parathyroid glands recognize it and make parathyroid hormone (PTH) which goes to the bones and takes some calcium out and puts it into the blood. When the calcium in the blood
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solvents. An example of this process is when calcium chloride dissolved in water. The polar water molecules attracted the oppositely charged Ca2+ and Cl- ions as calcium chloride is a polar molecule as well. The ions brake apart as the water attraction is greater than the ionic bond within the calcium chloride molecule. Solubility is also important for conductivity as some elements such as calcium chloride do not conduct in a solid state. This explains why calcium chloride conducted when dissolved in water
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Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) About the size and shape of a pea‚ located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone‚ attached to the hypothalamus via a stalk called the infundibulum. It has two major lobes‚ one neural and one glandular. Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis) – composed of nervous tissue; releases neurohormones that it receives ready-made from the hypothalamus; oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH); released on demand in response to nerve impulses from hypothalamic neurons. Anterior
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everyone has bone loss as they get older; however‚ consuming enough or adequate amounts of calcium early on in age can delay the effects of the bone loss. When there is not enough calcium absorbed in the body‚ the body begins to take away from the stored calcium in the bones in order to help maintain normal functions in the body‚ thus‚ causing the breakage in areas of the body. Supplements that contain calcium and vitamin D can help with the health problem and help or prevent many people from serious
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to mature and mineralize normally. Because the bone is undermineralized it is also soft and ductile‚ and this leads to bowing of the limbs‚ widening and compression of the ends of the long bones‚ etc. In rickets‚ during prolonged deficiency of calcium (and phosphate)‚ the body increases PTH to prevent hypocalcemia by causing osteoclastic absorption of the bone. This‚ in turn‚ causes the bone to become progressively weaker‚ resulting in rapid osteoblastic activity. The osteoblasts produce large
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always been one of the common vegetables n the home garden. Bell peppers need lots of nitrogen‚ calcium‚ and phosphorus in order to maintain its good quality. Egg shells can be easily gathered because we have a lot of poultry in our community. It contains nutrients like nitrogen‚ magnesium‚ phosphorus‚ and calcium which help the plant in its growth and development. According to Marschner(1995)‚ calcium is a nutrient which is very essential to plants. It helps to prevent the common plant problems
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