INTRODUCTION Lawrence Kohlberg born in 1927 was an American Psychologist who led the movement in the study of moral development in the late 1950’s. He is an outstanding example of research in the Piagetian tradition. He set out to improve and extend the work of Piaget. His work focused on Moral Development and Moral reasoning and began to develop a stage theory of moral thinking. His theories were based on the way children‚ adolescents and adults develop moral reasoning. The first three of these
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Criticism on moral development theories of Piaget‚ Kohlberg‚ and Bandura and providing a new model for research in Iranian students’ moral development Hossein Lotfabadi‚ Ph. D.1 Abstract It’s been years in the psychology and assessment of moral development that theories of genetic epistemology and social behaviorism (which are based on Piaget‚ Kohlberg‚ and Bandura’s approaches) have been in the center of attention for the psychologists and education experts and have been used by the educational
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Describe and discuss at least two features of the psychodynamic approach. (10 marks) One main feature is the defence mechanisms. One assumption of the psychodynamic approach is that the personality is split into three parts; the id‚ the ego and the superego. Defence mechanisms are an unconscious response used when the ego is in conflict with the id and the superego and they prevent the ego from harm. There are four main defence mechanisms; Denial‚ Displacement‚ Rationalisation and Sublimation.
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Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. In this essay‚ following a brief outline of the theory‚ I will be discussing the strengths and weaknesses of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. Morality comes from the Latin word for custom. It is a behaviour that one has been accustomed to due to the laws and customs in a particular society. By the time a person reaches adulthood‚ they should have a good idea about personal and social behaviour (Carlson‚ 2004) Kohlberg’s theory of moral development was
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Discuss theories of moral development Piaget researched into the moral development of children and found that until about 5 years old children are amoral. They cannot make moral judgements or understand rules. However‚ most children under 5 years old know when they are doing something wrong; therefore it could be argued that they aren’t amoral. To understand rules children use equal-status contact with peers to understand others perspectives and begin to develop morally. Piaget used pairs of vignettes
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AVOIDANCE Avoidance is both an unassertive and an uncooperative conflict style. Those who favor the avoidance style tend to be passive and ignore conflict situations rather than confront them directly. They employ strategies such as denying there is a conflict‚ using jokes as a way to deflect conflict‚ or trying to change the topic. Avoiders are not assertive about pursuing their own interests‚ nor are they cooperative in assisting others to pursue theirs. Accommodation is an unassertive but cooperative
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Running head: PIAGET & KOHLBERG RESEARCH ON THE COGNITIVE & MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORIES OF JEAN PIAGET & LAWRENCE KOHLBERG DONNA O. O ’CONNOR INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF THE CARIBBEAN ABSTRACT The intention of this paper is to provide an overview of the psychological theories of Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg. While Piaget ’s perspective was psychological‚ Kholberg ’s viewpoint was psychological with emphasis placed on moral development and both theories will be compared and contrasted in
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C. GILLIGAN’S GENDER & MORALITY DEVELOPMENT Carol Gilligan compared the moral development of girls and boys in her theory of gender and moral development. She claimed that boys have a justice perspective meaning that they rely on formal rules to define right and wrong. Girls‚ on the other hand‚ have a care and responsibility perspective where personal relationships are considered when judging a situation. Gilligan also studied the effect of gender on self-esteem. She claimed that society’s
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Haidt’s theory concludes that all morals are based off six moral foundations (150-179‚ 197-211‚ 214-216). One of the foundations is the care/harm foundation in which people decide what’s moral by the harm that is being done or the care being shown (Haidt 153-158). The definition of this care/harm is the effects of a subject’s actions and words upon on object whether for the better or worse. Another foundation includes the fairness/cheating foundation (Haidt 158-161). This particular foundation is
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Preconventional Moral Reasoning Level One of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning is called Preconventional Moral Reasoning. It is called “preconventional” because people at this stage are not able to understand the social mores and rules of good and bad or right and wrong in their particular society. The preconventional level is characterized by behavior which is motivated by egocentrism‚ and manifested with the anticipation of pleasure or the avoidance of pain. At this level the individual’s moral judgments
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