INTRODUCTION Since the late 80s‚ brand equity (BE) has been regarded as one important marketing concept in both business practice and academic research as it gives marketers more competitive advantage through successful brands (Lassar‚ Mittal‚ & Sharma‚ 1995‚ p. 11). Although there are many researches about brand equity carried on by numbers of authors‚ most of their conclusions are consistent with Farquhar’s concept of brand equity as “the value added by the brand to the product” (Srinivasan‚ Park
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Nescafe is one of the leading coffee brands in the world‚ which has different flavored products in the market. As a motto for all these products‚ they have seperate techniques in order to advertise the product. For example‚ Nescafe’s everyday coffee has a motto of “Rich and full flavored”‚ while another flavor; Super premium coffee‚ has a motto of “Rich‚ bold and smouldering”. Nescafe became number two in the category of mix instant coffee because of the harsh competition of the market in Indonesia
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Brand overview "It all started with me wanting some shorts I couldn’t buy anywhere‚...” (HI)STORY • Fundango – A brand that started in the world of riders‚ about 10 years ago. At that time‚ full-blown young skateboarders gave life to Fundango. Since then‚ the brand has led a life of sports clothing brands with professionally designed collections but its growing is still accompanied by its parent’s lifestyle. Today‚ skiers‚ snowboarders‚ skateboarders‚ surfers‚ riders and anybody who feels close
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Evaluation of Brand Equity Measures: Further Empirical Results Conceptual Background: There is no consensus about what brand equity means and how a firm can measure the value of a brand‚ hence not possible to evaluate marketing interventions in terms of their ability to enhance brand value. Agarwal and Rao (1996)- The ability of ten consumer based measures of brand equity to estimate individual choice and market share‚ and the relationship between these measures. The underlying assumption in
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relevant to brands‚ their measurement and contribution to branding theory and practice have not been examined. This article describes the development and validation of a two-dimensional scale measuring masculine and feminine brand personality that is discriminant with regard to existing brand personality dimensions and scales measuring masculinity and femininity as human personality traits. This scale is applied to show that (1) spokespeople in advertising shape masculine and feminine brand personality
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Brand Positioning and Market Segmentation Brand positioning is an important strategy for achieving differential advantage. Essentially‚ positioning reflects “the place” a product occupies in a market or segments. GAP has a wide range of products that are reflected in multi-segments. Initially‚ as a specialty clothing retailer‚ GAP segmented the market using price as the sole criterion. GAP strategically decided to serve three major segments‚ which can be seen from price differences among GAP’s
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Lacoste: History and Brand Identity Created in 1930 by Rene Lacoste‚ a tennis player‚ the first knit wear short sleeved shirt has appeared in 1933. During the 18 first years of existence‚ the brand won’t extend his product line so much. For instance‚ the polo shirt will be distributed in a unique colour‚ the white. In 1951‚ Lacoste decided to launch three new colours: sky-blue‚ navy and red. This revolution underlines the first steps of the brand out of tennis courts‚ and premises of its diversification’s
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LITERATURE REVIEW Definition of ’Brand Awareness ’ The likelihood that consumers recognize the existence and availability of a company ’s product or service. Creating brand awareness is one of the key steps in promoting a product Brand Awareness is the extent to which a brand is recognized by potential customers‚ and is correctly associated with a particular product. Expressed usually as a percentage of target market‚ brand awareness is the primary goal of advertising in
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Question 1: The marketing advantages of strong brands There are many definitions of a strong brand‚ but in general it is assumed that a ‘strong brand’‚ or a brand with high ‘equity’‚ provides advantages to the brand’s owner (Wood 2000). These advantages allow the opportunity to charge consumers a premium price. Also‚ the product range of a strong brand can be extended (Spiggle‚ Nguyen and Caravella 2012). But moreover‚ a strong brand is less likely to be the victim of hostile competitive marketing
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T E Building Customer-Based Brand Equity: A Blueprint for Creating Strong Brands Kevin Lane Keller WORKING W O R K I N PAPER G • REPORT P A NO. P E 01-107 R • 2001 S E R I E S M A R K E T I N G S C I E N C E I N S T I T U T E Building Customer-Based Brand Equity: A Blueprint for Creating Strong Brands Kevin Lane Keller WORKING W
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