a copy of the textbook Synopsis This is an organic chemistry practical course which reinforce the theory and concepts studied in Organic Chemistry 1 (CHM456). It covers the learning of simple laboratory techniques such as reflux‚ distillation‚ extraction‚ crystallization and melting point determination‚ preparations of organic compound and separation of mixtures. The Techniques Students are REQUIRED to read and understand the various techniques that will be covered in the laboratory sessions from
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EXPERIMENT 2: Recrystallization and Melting Point Recrystallization (or Crystallization) is a technique used to purify solids. This procedure relies on the fact that solubility increases as temperature increases (you can dissolve more sugar in hot water than in cold water). As a hot‚ saturated solution cools‚ it becomes supersaturated and the solute precipitates (crystallizes) out. In a recrystallization procedure‚ an impure (crude) solid is dissolved in a hot solvent. As this solution is cooled
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Acid-Base Extraction: Separation of an Organic Acid‚ Base and a Neural Compound Introduction/Background Acid base extraction is a widely used commercial method in separating acids‚ bases and neutral compounds. This is concept is based on several physical properties of the compounds‚ such as boiling point‚ melting points and solubility. The different solubility properties of the protonated and non-protonated forms of these compounds depend on the functional groups present‚ such
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BENZOIC ACID & BENZOATES (210 –218) • Retards growth of bacteria and yeasts • Occurs naturally in many foods – a similar distribution to salicylate (but at a lower dose than as an additive) • Common food sources: Soft drink‚ cordial‚ fruit juice and cider Liquid essences and syrups Iceblocks‚ jelly‚ low joule jam‚ dips‚ pickles‚ olives Fish marinades and preserves • PABA (para-amino-benzoic-acid)
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isomers of α-phenylcinnamic acid. This was accomplished by refluxing benzaldehyde‚ phenylacetic acid‚ acetic anhydride and triethylamine as a base. The chemical equation of a Perkin Reaction can be seen below. The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of α-phenylcinnamic acid is shown below: Results: Theoretical Yield Therefore‚ phenylacetic acid is the limiting reagent. Table 1. Literature and actual IR values of (E) and (Z) isomers of α-phenylcinnamic acid. Compound Literature
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Abstract The objective of this experiment was to observe multi-step purification of benzoic acid after performing the extraction from a mixture containing benzoic acid‚ cellulose‚ and methyl orange. Recrystallization was done to remove impurities from the sample. The amount of BA recovered during recrystallization is much less than the extracted amount of BA. The difference between the pure and impure samples was observed by comparison of melting points. It was found that impure samples will have
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EXPERIMENT 13： Extraction: Extraction with acid and alkali Objective 1. To recover the benzoic acid and p-dichlorobenzene from its mixture from its mixture by using acid-alkali extraction. 2. To determine the percentage recovery and melting point of the recovered benzoic acid and p-dichlorobenzene. Introduction Acid-base extraction is a process which purifying the acids and bases from mixtures based on their chemical properties. Acid-base extraction is performed to isolate the compounds and natural
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Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid Objective To purify benzoic acid by recrystallization and gain experience with a basic organic laboratory techniques. Background Products of chemical reactions are often contaminated with impurities. One method for purifying chemicals‚ recrystallization‚ takes advantage of the differences in the solubilities of the desired products and the impurities and the tendency for the slow formation of crystals to exclude impurities from the crystalline solid. HC HC
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Crystallization of Benzoic Acid Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to purify benzoic acid by crystallization. Procedure: 1. 0.5g impure benzoic acid was placed in a 50mL Erlenmeyer flask. 15mL of water was added and the mixture was heated to a boil on a hot plate. 0.5mL of water was added to the flask‚ while swirling the flask. The mixture was boiled until the benzoic acid completely dissolved. The total volume of water used was recorded. The black solid that remain in the dissolved
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Mabel M. Kimble September 21‚ 2014 Chemistry 234 Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid ABSTRACT The recrystallization of Benzoic Acid was performed to fully master the ability to purify a solid compound. This form of purification technique is especially important in chemical identification‚ where the melting point of the compound is taken to confirm its purity. In order to perform recrystallization a solubility test much be completed. Four solvents (95% Ethanol‚ Petroleum Ether‚ Acetone and distilled
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