vertically upwards depending on the amount of tax. Because of this shift‚ less products will be supplied at every price. The diagram below shows the effect of imposing a tax and how the tax is being paid. There’re two types of indirect taxes‚ they are ‘Specific Taxes’ and ‘Ad Valorem’. Specific Tax is a fixed amount of tax that is imposed on a product. For example‚ if the government imposes a tax of $2 per loaf of bread‚ it will shift the supply curve vertically upwards by the amount of tax‚ which
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Siti Zulaikha Amran April 24‚2013 Avoid Stress Specific Purpose Statement: To inform my audience about Avoid Stress Pattern of Organization: Problem-solution Order * INTRODUCTION: A. Attention Grabber: Stress is simply a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our physical or mental equilibrium. In other words‚ it is an omnipresent part of life. A stressful event can trigger the "fight-or-flight" response‚ causing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol to surge through the body.
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information gathered in “The Dangerous Morality of Managing Earnings‚” there are five generalizations in how to manage short term earnings. They are how managers manipulate records to benefit themselves or the company. It seems that there is no true uniformity in short term earnings and each felt that rules could be bent by manipulating operating procedures‚ accounting methods‚ deferring expenditures‚ budget target‚ or by changing the short term earnings in sales and expense was justifiable. Although
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Abstract A quality of earning assessment is a tool used by analyst to determine the correlation between accounting income and economic income. The techniques to analyze accounting income and economic income include: comparing accounting principles‚ reviewing changes in accounting principles‚ analyzing discretionary and warranty expenditures‚ understanding replacement cost of assets and managements and auditors opinion of the company. A quality of earnings assessment of PepsiCo is applied to
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1. What is earnings management? The companies use earnings management as a strategy by which they can easily control and manipulate their earnings to reach their pre-determined earning target. 2. Why do companies employ earnings management techniques? Accountants cannot predict every business structure‚ every new and innovative transaction. Therefore‚ they build up principles that allow for flexibility so that they can adapt to changing circumstances. However‚ people make use of that flexibility
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EPS Accounting Report: Development and Problems Earnings per share is the portion of a company’s profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. The computation of earnings per share is income minus preferred stock dividends divided by weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding at the end of the period. Earning per share is considered to be the single most important metric to determine a company’s profitability which is crucial to the decision making of potential
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Public Schools and Sex Education It has become apparent that there is a dire exigency for sex education among young teenagers and adolescents in public schools. Based on statistics from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‚ birth rate for fifteen to nineteen year olds was at thirty one point three per one thousand population.(1) From two thousand six to two thousand nine‚ undiagnosed HIV‚ one in five cases didn’t know they were infected‚ were thought to be highest among young people ages
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Earnings Management and Its Implications Educating the Accounting Profession By Michael D. Akers‚ Don E. Giacomino‚ and Jodi L. Bellovary August 2007 Issue AUGUST 2007 - In the wake of continuing‚ highly publicized E-mail Story financial frauds and failures‚ the accounting profession has placed renewed emphasis on issues related to earnings Print Story management and earnings quality. The SEC and the public are demanding greater assurance about the quality of earnings. Staff Accounting Bulletin
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Price/Earnings Ratio Model (P/E) The P/E looks at the relationship between the stock price and the company’s earnings. The P/E is the most popular metric of stock analysis. A valuation ratio of a company’s current share price compared to its per-share earnings. For example‚ if a company is currently trading at $60 a share and earnings over the last 12 months were $2 per share‚ the P/E ratio for the stock would be 30 ($60/$2). The earnings multiplier can be computed as follows: P/E Ratio = Current
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the government relies on the people to pay taxes‚ to
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