DEBT TO EQUITY PROPORTIONS In building the pool of funds for the business it is important to balance and optimize the proportions of debt and equity. The relationship between total debt and total equity is referred to as leverage or gearing. If there is too much debt‚ a business becomes highly leveraged with the implications of: • Repayment risk. The risk to debt providers increases as there is less of an equity buffer to absorb losses that the business may make. • Interest risk. The interest
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FINANCIAL RATIOS LIQUIDITY RATIOS Current Ratio: = current assets / current liabilities ▪ The higher the ratio‚ the greater the "cushion" between current obligations and a firm ’s ability to meet them. ▪ Use: An indication of a company ’s ability to meet short-term debt obligations; the higher the ratio‚ the more liquid the company is. Current ratio is equal to current assets divided by current liabilities. If the current assets of a company are more than twice the current liabilities
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Internationalization and Firm Risk: An Upstream-Downstream Hypothesis Author(s): Chuck C. Y. Kwok and David M. Reeb Reviewed work(s): Source: Journal of International Business Studies‚ Vol. 31‚ No. 4 (4th Qtr.‚ 2000)‚ pp. 611-629 Published by: Palgrave Macmillan Journals Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/155664 . Accessed: 20/01/2013 05:04 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use‚ available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms
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GROUP 1 REPORT FINANCIAL RATIOS Financial ratios are useful indicators of a firm’s performance and financial situation. Most ratios can be calculated from information provided by the financial statements. Financial ratios can be used to analyze trends and to compare the firm’s financials to those of other firms. In some cases‚ ratio analysis can predict future bankruptcy. SOURCES OF DATA FOR FINANCIAL RATIOS Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Cash Flows Statement of Retained
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Part 1 ’’ A Measurement of Risk 1.1 Risk 1.2 Capital Asset Pricing Model The estimation of systematic risk (or ‘beta’) is central to the implementation of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) for researchers and practitioners. Markowitz (1952) argued that investors should be concerned with holding efficient portfolios‚ that is‚ a portfolio offering the highest expected return for each level of risk. Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965) took Markowitz’s work one step further to develop the CAPM
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Financial Reporting Problem: The Procter & Gamble Company “On my honor‚ as a student‚ I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this academic work.” _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ Financial Reporting Financial Reporting Problem Fall 2011 [pic] In order to evaluate your understanding of the use of accounting information‚ you are asked to analyze the 2007
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DEBT AND EQUITY FINANCING PAPER JACQUELYN CREAGH ACCOUNTING 400 THERESA PEKRON August 1‚ 2011 Debt Financing Debt is when one party‚ the debtor‚ owes to a second party‚ the creditor. This usually refers to assets owed but the term can also be used figuratively to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on economic value. Debt is usually granted with expected repayment of the original sum plus interest. The advantages of debt financing are that the company and/or
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Debt versus Equity Financing Debt financing versus equity financing‚ which financing has more advantages over the other financing. Debt vs. equity financing is the most vital decision a manager will face when determining the needed capital to fund his or her business operations. Both types of financing are the main sources of capital that is available to a business. Both types of financing have advantages and disadvantages when a manager or owner is trying to raise capital. Debt Financing Debt
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Accrual-based approach – revenues are recorded at the point of sale and costs when they are incurred‚ not necessarily when a firm receives or pays out cash Cash flow approach – used by financial professionals to focus attention on current and prospective inflows and outflows of cash 1. Balance sheet a. Assets Cash and Cash Equivalents Marketable securities Accounts receivable Inventories Net property‚ plant and equipment Intangible assets b. Liabilities Accounts
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Perpetual Increase of Tuition fee Introduction: Like any other individuals‚ we are pursuing our right in every ways‚ delivering our thoughts and standing for what is due. We live side by side of our political system; adhere to what is implemented‚ grasp what has been told and act supposedly. The people is the basic unit of the nation that should be valued‚ cared and needs be sustained to augment their knowledge and skills in order to have cooperation in uplifting the economy and the living situation
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