heartbeat results in a train of pulses at the output of the photo diode‚ the magnitude of which is too small to be detected directly by a microcontroller. Therefore‚ a two-stage high gain‚ active low pass filter is designed using two Operational Amplifiers (OpAmps) to filter and amplify the signal to appropriate voltage level so that the pulses can be counted by a microcontroller. The heart rate is displayed on a 3 digit seven segment display. To count the heart beats‚ here we use a small light source
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Transformer Introduction The transformer is one of the simplest of electrical devices. Its basic design‚ materials‚ and principles have changed little over the last one hundred years‚ yet transformer designs and materials continue to be improved. Transformers are essential in high voltage power transmission providing an economical means of transmitting power over large distances. The simplicity‚ reliability‚ and economy of conversion of voltages by transformers was the principal factor in the
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Photoplethysmography (PPG) system Geert Langereis‚ Version 2‚ February 2010 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.1 1.2 Background on photoplethysmography (PPG) ...................................................................... 2 Specifications of the PPG implementation in this report ....................................................... 2 The optoelectronic parts ...........
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Oscillator Basics and Low-Noise Techniques for Microwave Oscillators and VCOs Ulrich L. Rohde∗ (ulr@synergymwave.com) Chairman‚ Synergy Microwave Corporation GaAs 2000 – Paris‚ France 2-6 October 2000 Abstract Microwave oscillator design is based on the principle of generating a negative resistance to compensate for the losses of the resonator. Several circuit combinations‚ including one- and twoport oscillators‚ are possible. In this discussion‚ we will first evaluate the conditions of oscillation
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OVONIC INOFIED MEMORY (OUM) A Seminar Report On OVONIC UNIFIED MEMORY (OUM) Submitted by Mr. Nishant K Patel (09EC082) Internal Guide: Asst. Prof. Jignesh Patoliya V.T.Patel Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering 09EC082 Page 1 OVONIC INOFIED MEMORY (OUM) CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Seminar entitled “OVONIC UNIFIED MEMORY (OUM)” is a bonafied report of the work carried out by Mr. Nishant Patel (09EC082) under the guidance
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until the late 1980s‚ almost all microwave integrated circuits used GaAs MESFETs. * Although more complicated devices with better performance for some applications have been introduced‚ the MESFET is still the dominant active device for power amplifiers and switching circuits in the microwave spectrum. * The base material on which the transistor is fabricated is a GaAs substrate. * A buffer layer is epitaxially grown over the GaAs substrate to isolate defects in the substrate from the
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1.0 Wavelength-division Multiplexing Technology 1.1 Wavelength-division Multiplexing In fibre optic telecommunications‚ wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which multiplexes multiple optical carrier signals on a single optical fibre by using different wavelengths (colors) of laser light to carry different signals. This allows for a multiplication in capacity‚ in addition to making it possible to perform bidirectional communications over one strand of fiber. (Tomlinson & Lin
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Chapter 24: The Urinary System Study Guide 1. What are the functions of the urinary system? a. Filter blood to allow toxins‚ metabolic wastes‚ and excess ions to leave body via urination b. Regulate volume and chemical makeup of the blood c. Maintain proper balance between water and salts‚ acids and bases d. Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting e. Production of renin to help regulate BP and erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production f. Activation
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In addition‚ the DJ needs to understand the song’s construction and have a good musical memory. Finally‚ there is the pretty complex equipment that he definitely should get to know very closely: the turntables‚ digital CD players‚ the mixer‚ an amplifier‚ speakers and whatever other sound processing devices might be necessary. Skillful DJs can drastically alter the song’s danceability and emphasize its dynamics by adjusting the volume‚ EQ (frequency balance)‚ treble and bass‚ playing with the crossovers
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A REPORT ON A THREE-MONTH FIELD ATTACHMENT AT MOI UNIVERSITY COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SECTION (COMTECH.) FROM 6TH JANUARY 2014 TO 31ST MARCH 2014 PRESENTED BY: NAME: WANANGWE JOSEPHINE MIRIAM ADMISSION NUMBER: BCJ/1008/11 REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMMUNICATION AND JOURNALISM. SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATION STUDIES. DATE OF SUBMISSION: 9TH APRIL 2014 MOI UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ABSTRACT
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