http://hk.geocities.com/fatherofchemistry Objective To classify a carbonyl compound by a simple test and to identify it by the precipitation of a derivative. Principle In this experiment‚ the unknown compound is either an aldehyde or a ketone from Table 90. In the first part‚ on undergoing Tollen’s & Fehling’s tests‚ ketone will have no reaction. In the second part‚ by preparing a derivative of the compound with 2‚4-dinitrophenylhydrazine‚ the sharp melting point can be used
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UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY GUIDELINES FOR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY NON-MAJORS CHEM 181 By Dr. Haythem Ali Saadeh Fall‚ 2012 Course Title: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY for Non-Majors Course Number: CHEM 181 Prerequisite: General Chemistry Credit Hours: 2 Cr. Hrs. (comprises of 2 hrs. lecture per week) Course Instructor: Dr. Haythem Ali Saadeh h.saadeh@uaeu.ac.ae Textbook: “Organic Chemistry: A Short Course” By
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to death. PCB becomes more dangerous in the short term when it decomposes. Decomposition of PCB is caused by heat. When PCB decomposes‚ the products are much more immediately dangerous. These products include; Hydrochloric acid‚ Phenolics‚ and Aldehyde. Hydrochloric acid can be immediately dangerous to life an health‚ the IDLH is 50ppm. Phenolics or Carbolic acid can
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and that’s because aldehydes tend to react faster with DNPH.
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(as in the term "alcohol abuse"). Alcoholic beverages have been consumed by humans since prehistoric times for a variety of hygienic‚ dietary‚ medicinal‚ religious‚ and recreational reasons. Primary alcohols (R-CH2-OH) can be oxidized either to aldehydes (R-CHO) (e.g. acetaldehyde) or to carboxylic acids (R-CO2H)‚ while the oxidation of secondary alcohols (R1R2CH-OH) normally terminates at the ketone (R1R2C=O) stage. Tertiary alcohols (R1R2R3C-OH) are resistant to oxidation. Ethanol’s toxicity is
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oxygen. Carbohydrates are form by the combination of carbon dioxide and water molecules. The carbohydrates contain two specific functional group in it which is the hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups.A reducing sugar is a type of sugar with is an aldehyde group.This means that sugar can act as a reducing agent.The procces of reducing sugar is isomerisation‚example of reducing sugar islactose‚maltose‚glucose and fructose.All monosaccharides are capable of reducing other chemicals such as copper (II)
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reducing sugar?3 A reducing sugar is any sugar that either has an aldehyde group or is capable of forming one in solution through isomerism. The aldehyde functional group allows the sugar to act as a reducing agent‚ for example in the Tollens’ test or Benedict’s reagent‚ or the Maillard reaction‚ important in the browning of many foods. A sugar is classified as a reducing sugar only if it has an open-chain form with an aldehyde group or a free hemiacetal group. A reducing sugar is thus one that
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Amines are aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of ammonia. Amines‚ like ammonia‚ are weak bases (Kb = 10−4 to 10−6). This basicity is due to the unshared electron pair on the nitrogen atom. Classification and nomenclature of amines Amines are classified as primary‚ secondary‚ or tertiary based upon the number of carbon-containing groups that are attached to the nitrogen atom. Those amine compounds that have only one group attached to the nitrogen atom are primary‚ while those with two or three
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pKa of about 10‚ but our alcohol has more resonance opportunities‚ so the pKa is down around 8. This is sufficiently acidic for use of weak base like K2CO3 for deprotonation (Scheme 1). The acidic of the aldehyde also helps in purifying the crude product. Our conditions call for excess aldehyde‚ which we will wash away with base in the work-up. Aside from a good nucleophile‚ we also have a good‚ unhindered
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Monosaccharides Trioses Glyceraldyhyde‚ dihydroxyacetone Pentoses Ribose‚ ribulose Hexoses Glucose‚ galactose‚ mannose‚ fructose Dr. Jeelan Moghraby Termed according to location of oxidized functional group; aldose if aldehyde‚ and ketose if ketone Ketose named after the equivalent aldose; with addition of ‘ul’ Dr. Jeelan Moghraby Monosaccharides are Chiral Stereoisomers around asymmetric carbon Enantiomers are isomers that are mirror images of each
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