ATP Introduction ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a nucleotide that is of fundamental importance as a carrier of chemical energy in all living organisms. It consists of adenine linked to D-ribose (i.e. adenosine); the D-ribose component bears three phosphate groups‚ linearly linked together by covalent bonds (see formula). These bonds can undergo hydrolysis to yield either a molecule of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate or a molecule of AMP (adenosine monophosphate) and pyrophosphate
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prokaryotic. The process takes place inside the cytoplasm and the mitochondria. Energy is used to synthesise adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‚ which acts as a short-term energy store in cells. All living organisms need energy to drive their metabolic reactions. A molecule of ATP consists of one adenosine molecule and three phosphate groups. One molecule can be hydrolysed to produce one molecule of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) plus one inorganic phosphate (Pi). This hydrolysis reaction releases 30.6kJ of energy
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kilocalorie). The organic molecules (any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon) that humans use are lipids‚ carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids. These organic molecules are used to produce ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). We break down these macromolecules (large biological molecule) by a process called digestion (when enzymes break down large molecules into smaller ones). This is also a catabolic reaction (a metabolic reaction that results in the breakdown
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Chapter 6 Activity 6-2 6-3 Please View Videos or discussions in Mastering Biology relating to Ch6 Sec 2 and 3 http://www.pearsonmylabandmastering.com/northamerica/masteringbiology/ Use of Test Books and notes will be very helpful. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) When solid sodium hydroxide is added to water‚ the
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light energy has stimulated enough of the chlorophyll it is brought to a singular part of the chloroplast. The light energy combines with the water molecules‚ carbon dioxide molecules‚ and adenosine diphosphate and creates a chemical reaction.5 This chemical reaction produces oxygen and adenosine triphosphate‚ or ATP.6 When the cells of a plant need chemical energy the ATP molecules get transferred to those cells.7 The energy is then brought to another part of the chloroplast called the stroma
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According to Dr. Kravitz in his article called “The Marvelous Mitochondria” The Mitochondria was discovered in 1890 by a German cell Biologist Richard Altmann under the name of bio blasts. He first theorized that the bio blasts had metabolic and genetic self-sufficiency characteristics. Years later‚ it was given a name change by another German Biologist‚ Karl Benda‚ to the name of Mitochondria. Today‚ we know that the Mitochondria is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. According to David
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gives the muscles the ability to contract and relax. For muscles to contract energy is needed: the energy can only be provided by the breakdown of a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As ATP is broken down‚ a phosphate molecule is broken off‚ reducing the phosphate molecules‚ from 3 to 2. This produces adenosine triphosphate. However for the muscles contraction to continue‚ the ATP has to rebuild from ADP and p (ADP+P+= ATP). As this occurs‚ more energy is released and so more energy is
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also found that his experiment produced an amazing amount of the nucleotide base‚ adenine. Adenine is of tremendous biological significance as an organic compound because it is one of the four bases in RNA and DNA. It is also a component of adenosine triphosphate‚ or ATP‚ which is a major energy releasing molecule in cells. Experiments conducted later showed that the other RNA and DNA bases could be obtained through simulated prebiotic chemistry with a reducing atmosphere. These discoveries created
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Lil Dejay C4 2/10/14 Photosynthesis: Making Energy Chloroplasts Photosynthesis is a process in which sunlight energy is used to make glucose. The site of photosynthesis is in the chloroplast – an organelle found in the leaves of green plants. The main functions of chloroplasts are to produce food (glucose) during photosynthesis‚ and to store food energy. Chloroplasts contain the pigment‚ chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs most of the colors in the color spectrum‚ and reflects only green and yellow
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Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradation This document provides an in‐depth explanation‚ detailing the processes of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation. It is intended for general audiences and will provide the reader with the necessary information to understand what is happening during the biodegradation process. For those interested in the biochemical processes of the microbial organisms this document will provide a high level explanation of the aerobic and anaerobic processes. Biodegradation
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