The Action Potential An action potential‚ also called a spike‚ nerve impulse‚ and discharge‚ is the rapid reversal of charge of the cell membrane. These changes in charge occur within milliseconds‚ meaning the action potential travels very quickly down the axon in order to convey information over long distances. This transfer of information occurs within six phases and requires the presence of multiple pumps and channels embedded in the membrane to control ion concentration. Phase 1: The Resting
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amount of ATP the seed can generate in order to grow‚ the temperature of the environment and the amount of sunlight the seed receives (Ghaderi-Far et al.‚ 2010). The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride have on the germination of lettuce seeds‚ Lactuca sativa. A study done by Katembe et al.‚ (1998) stated that an increase in salt solution in the environment of the seed will slow down water imbibition‚ therefore‚ preventing germination and root
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SODIUM gSodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin: natrium) and atomic number 11. It is a soft‚ silver-white‚ highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals; its only stable isotope is 23Na. The free metal does not occur in nature‚ but instead must be prepared from its compounds; it was first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1807 by the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust‚ and exists in numerous minerals such
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between the corrected number of moles and grams of urea and the amount of urea used originally used in the experiment‚ so the ammonium chloride will be primarily compared to the corrected amount of urea to make sure that the amount of solvent is equal. Graph 1 and 5 and Data Table 2 show that the mass of solutes were overall very similar: 8.735 grams of ammonium chloride and 8.99 grams of urea. Overall‚ this experiment proved that the freezing point depression is a colligative property that depends on
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neuron carries important information through action potential‚ this is significant activity of the neurons to allow us to understand abnormality in the nerve that cause disorders. The objective of this study was to trigger a compound nerve action potentials (CAPs) and examine the effects of a stimulus voltage on a nerve and inspect their threshold‚ refractory period and also their velocity. Compound nerve action potentials (CAPs) are summed action potential of one nerve‚ one nerve consists of many neurons
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Sodium From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia This article is about the chemical element. For the PlayStation Home game‚ see Sodium (PlayStation Home). For the racehorse‚ seeSodium (horse). "Natrium" redirects here. For the town in West Virginia‚ see Natrium‚ West Virginia. Sodium 11Na
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fundamental unit of the nervous system. These neurons work together with other excitable cells to produce action potentials when they receive electrical or chemical stimuli. Action potentials can be thought of as an “all-or-nothing” event and occur as a large-scale depolarization when sodium and other positive ions rapidly enter the neuron through membrane channel proteins. Once initiated‚ action potentials travel down the length of the axon and when it reaches the end a neurotransmitter is released into
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The Ionic mechanism and propagation of action potentials. The action potential is the result of a large‚ sudden increase in sodium permeability of the membrane. The resulting rush of sodium ions into the membrane and accumulation of positive charge on its inner surface drives the potential towards Ena. This is followed by repolarisation‚ whereby there is a large increase in the membranes permeability to potassium ions‚ hence the membrane returns to Ek. Explanation of the (ionic) mechanisms underlying
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ckingmotherCoordination by Neural Signaling 26.1 Invertebrates reflect an evolutionary trend toward bilateral symmetry and cephalization * Invertebrate Nervous Organization * In simple animals‚ such as sponges‚ the most common observable response is closure of the osculum (central opening) * Hydras (cnidarians) have a nerve net that is composed of neurons * Planarians‚ (flatworms) have a ladderlike nervous system * In annelids (earthworm)‚ arthropods (crab)‚ and
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different electrode sites. The amplitude and the shape of the signals depend upon the position of the electrodes (Brown‚ 1999) (Conover‚ 1992). The SA node produces the pacemaker potential and if this reaches the threshold then an action potential is generated. There are five stages involved during cardiac action potentials‚ during these stages there is a flow of ions through
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