Digestive System Notes
Digestive System Notes
2. List the major parts of the alimentary canal; then separately list the accessory organs of the digestive system.
a. Mouth—the oral cavity.
b. Pharynx—extends from the back of the nasal cavity to the top of the esophagus.
c. Esophagus—extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
d. Stomach—just below the diaphragm on the lefi side of the body.
e. Small intestine—extends from the stomach to the large intestine.
f. Large intestine—extends from the small intestine to the anus.
Accessory organs include:
a. Salivary glands—located in the oral cavity.
b. Liver—lies just below the diaphragm on the right side of the body.
c. Gallbladder—lies on posterior side of the liver.
d. Pancreas—located behind the stomach, attached to the duodenum.
3. Contrast the composition of the four layers in the wall of the alimentary canal.
a. Mucosa or mucous membrane—surface epithelium, underlying connective tissue, and a small amount of smooth muscle,
b. Submucesa—loose connective tissue, glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
c. Muscular layer—two coats of smooth muscle tissue.
d. Serosa or serous layer—epithelium on the outside and connective tissue beneath.
4. Distinguish between mixing movements and propelling movements.
A mixing movement is a wavelike motion back and forth. A propelling movement is one where the muscle contraction occurs in the wall of the tube but the muscles just ahead in the tube relax.
5. Discuss the functions of the mouth and its parts.
The mouth receives food and prepares it for digestion by mechanically breaking up the size of solid particles and mixing them with saliva. The cheeks are the outer layers of skin, pads of subcutaneous fat, and the muscles associated with expression and chewing. The lips are highly mobile structures that contain skeletal muscles and the sensory receptors that surround the mouth. They are used in distinguishing the temperature and texture of foods. The tongue is a body
2. List the major parts of the alimentary canal; then separately list the accessory organs of the digestive system.
a. Mouth—the oral cavity.
b. Pharynx—extends from the back of the nasal cavity to the top of the esophagus.
c. Esophagus—extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
d. Stomach—just below the diaphragm on the lefi side of the body.
e. Small intestine—extends from the stomach to the large intestine.
f. Large intestine—extends from the small intestine to the anus.
Accessory organs include:
a. Salivary glands—located in the oral cavity.
b. Liver—lies just below the diaphragm on the right side of the body.
c. Gallbladder—lies on posterior side of the liver.
d. Pancreas—located behind the stomach, attached to the duodenum.
3. Contrast the composition of the four layers in the wall of the alimentary canal.
a. Mucosa or mucous membrane—surface epithelium, underlying connective tissue, and a small amount of smooth muscle,
b. Submucesa—loose connective tissue, glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
c. Muscular layer—two coats of smooth muscle tissue.
d. Serosa or serous layer—epithelium on the outside and connective tissue beneath.
4. Distinguish between mixing movements and propelling movements.
A mixing movement is a wavelike motion back and forth. A propelling movement is one where the muscle contraction occurs in the wall of the tube but the muscles just ahead in the tube relax.
5. Discuss the functions of the mouth and its parts.
The mouth receives food and prepares it for digestion by mechanically breaking up the size of solid particles and mixing them with saliva. The cheeks are the outer layers of skin, pads of subcutaneous fat, and the muscles associated with expression and chewing. The lips are highly mobile structures that contain skeletal muscles and the sensory receptors that surround the mouth. They are used in distinguishing the temperature and texture of foods. The tongue is a body