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A Estética de Baumgarten E Kant

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A Estética de Baumgarten E Kant
Dos problemas e filósofos apresentados nesta apostila, optamos por realizar uma reflexão conceitual das idéias de Kant e Baumgarten relativas à Estética. Tal o fazemos, por considerarmos que neste período, se produz os elementos teóricos que vão instituir conceitualmente esta área de conhecimento dentro da esfera filosófica e, além disso, por esta temática ser um tema candente na Filosofia contemporânea, sobretudo em razão das produções de Nietzsche e Kierkegaard.
Primeiramente buscaremos conceituar a origem do termo, buscandor diferencia-la de arte (confusão comum) e logo a seguir, iremos analisar as produções de Kant e Baumgarten relativas ao tema e ilustrar alguns questionamentos críticos feitos contra tal concepção.
Para iniciarmos tal caminhada, é necessário destacar, que o significado dos termos « arte » e « estética » são extremamente variados, e sua elucidação requer precisão. Ambos os termos não podem separar-se do marco de consideração respectivo em que são por sua vez utilizados como objeto de explicação e como fundamento da explicação mesma.
O termo « arte » delineia um caso especial de ambiguidade. Não só é utilizada para denotar uma habilidade, como também o produto de alguma habilidade ; também é utilizada em um sentido amplo e em um sentido restrito. Em, seu sentido amplo, « arte » se refere a qualquer habilidade humana, quer seja poder ( o saber) : escrever um poema, fazer um par de sapatos ou predizer uma eclipse.
Em seu sentido restrito, por sua vez, « arte » define certa classe especial de habilidades ou produtos (as obras de arte), tais como a pintura, os espetáculos teatrais, a música, a dança, etc, e a capacidade técnica para desenhar, compor ou executar semelhantes artefatos.
A palavra grega téchne designava no século IV A.C. uma idéia aproximada ao sentido contemporâneo atualmente utilizado, ou seja, como sendo um tipo particular de habilidade. Em diversos diálogos platonicos há distinções terminológicas que muito tempo depois, a

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