World War 2

World War II (1939-1945) By Dudyryev Nikita The Second World War unleashed by Nazi Germany, was one of the most bloody and dramatic events in the history of human been. It drew into its orbit 72 states - four fifths of all inhabitants of the earth. The war claimed about 65 million lives; over 35 million people were injured. In the ruins and ashes turned into hundreds of cities and thousands of towns and villages. Nazi leadership provided for in this war the main goal of his monstrous plans - the complete destruction of the Soviet Union and the enslavement of the people of our country. This war - history, but the people in Russia, like other countries in the world, and now want to understand the reasons, why could we didn’t avoid a catastrophe, why pay for the victory had such a great price. What conclusions should be drawn from the events of those years, to prevent a recurrence of the tragedy? The questions are many. Consider the most important ones. The outbreak of World War II. World War II officially began on September 1, 1939, Nazi Germany attacked Poland. But pockets of her appeared before, and it has become a reality in the mid-30. Japan's seizure of Northeast China in 1931-1932, Italy's attack on Abyssinia in 1935, the German-Italian intervention against the Spanish Republic in 1936-1939 - all links in a chain of the aggressors, gradually merged into the mainstream of the Nazi invasion, which eventually engulfed the whole world. What led to the Second World War? Root, root cause, as you know, is a clash of interests of the monopolies of the major imperialist powers. Not recovered from the effects of the global economic crisis 1929-1932 period, capitalism in 1937, entered into a new economic crisis, which began not long after prosperity, as it was in 1929, and after the Depression, and only a small recovery. He has not been universal (captured in the first place economically developed countries: the U.S., England, France, which had not moved the economy on a war footing), but sharply aggravated the contradictions between the countries of the victor and the vanquished in the First World War. U.S., Britain and France sought to preserve existing in their favor division of the world, Germany, Japan and Italy - to redraw the map of the world in their favor. Thus formed two opposing imperialist groupings: German-Italian-Japanese and the British, French and American. Their severed sharp contradictions, but united anti-Soviet. In one of the warring factions were Germany, Italy and Japan, the second - Britain, France and the USA. Military threat especially intensified when in Germany in 1933, was established the Nazi dictatorship. German Chancellor Hitler sought to revise the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, the conquest of others, especially Slavic lands and, ultimately, to the conquest of world domination. Italy and Japan, although it was on the winning side in World War I were not satisfied with its results and hoped for the spheres of influence. Britain and France have made efforts to withdraw their threat of German aggression and send it to the east, push the Nazis against Bolshevism. Such a policy is especially pronounced in the Munich Agreement in 1938, to authorize the seizure of Czechoslovakia and the transfer of the Sudetenland to Germany. The policy of appeasement pursued by Britain and France, was one of the reasons for the failure at the time of creating the anti-Hitler coalition with the USSR. Radical change in the course of the Great Patriotic War. (November 1942-1943.). November 19, 1942 began a powerful Soviet offensive at Stalingrad and in the north of it. Was surrounded by a huge group of German troops: 22 divisions, 330 thousand. September 1, 1939 Nazi Germany wished the world control and revenge for the defeat in the First World War, launched military operations against Poland. Since the Second World War - the largest military conflict of the century.
On the eve of the events of the USSR and Germany signed a nonaggression pact and friendship. There were secret rules in which it was carried on the division of spheres of influence between the two sides. Signed documents promised benefits to both sides. Germany to secure its eastern borders and could safely conduct military operations in the West, the Soviet Union is relatively safe for its western borders could concentrate military power in the East. Dividing the German sphere of influence in Europe, the USSR concluded agreements with the Baltic countries whose territory was soon put troops of the Red Army. Together with the Western Ukraine and Western Belarus and Bessarabia the land soon became part of the Soviet Union. The fighting with Finland, which took place from 30 November 1939 to March 1940, the Soviet Union removed from the Karelian Isthmus, Vyborg and northern coast of Lake Ladoga. League of Nations has identified these actions as aggression and expelled the Soviet Union from its ranks. Short military conflict with Finland revealed serious shortcomings in the organization of the Armed Forces of the USSR, in the level of technology available to them, as well as training officers. Due to mass repressions many positions between the officers was removed, those who did not have the necessary training. Despite the unexpected attack of the enemy, because of the precise organization and heroism of millions of citizens of the country in a short time managed to evacuate a large number of industrial enterprises in the East. The major industrial production was concentrated in the center (Moscow) and in the Urals. It struggled in the war.

It took only a few months in order too not only start production of defense products in new areas, but also to achieve high productivity. By 1943, the Soviet military production in quantity and quality indicators significantly beaten German. They set up a large-scale production of medium T-34 tanks, heavy tanks KV, the Il-2 planes, and other military equipment. These successes have been achieved unselfish labor of the workers and peasants, most of whom were women, old and teenagers. For the second time in the XX century, Russia was in a state of full-scale war with Germany. Once again, this turn of events has brought suffering to the people. Price paid by the people of the USSR for the victory was extremely high. Western democracies, as if recognizing the communist dictatorial command of internal affairs of the country, went into an alliance with him, on the one hand, to use the massive resources of the Soviet Union to fight Hitler, on the other hand - to neutralize Stalin's future political arena. A major outcome of the war was the new geopolitical situation. It is characterized by the growing confrontation between the powers of the capitalist world (including the United States took first place) and the Soviet Union, spread out over a number of countries in Europe and Asia, where governments have come to power directed against Moscow. World became for many years, "bipolar", concentrating on the two superpowers - the U.S. and the USSR. The USSR gave Hitler really good lesson with this fight, unfortunately many people have died and lost their homes.

Economic Strategies of the USSR after WW2 The highest mobilization qualities were shown by the centralized economy of the USSR based on public property on means of production. Melting approximately in 3 times less than a steel and extracting almost in 5 times of less coal, than in Germany together with import in it from the occupied countries of import, Soviet Union, leaning against own resources, in days of war has created almost in 2 times of more arms and combat material. For years of war Ural Mountains, Siberia, the Central Asia, and Priamurye received economic development. The State committee of defense united the economic, political and military management of the country. In the State Planning Committee departments of arms, ammunition, shipbuilding, aircraft engineering and tank making have been created. These departments developed plans for the enterprises, which are letting out military production, irrespective of their departmental subordination, and supervised material support of military productions. For operative communication the State Planning Committee of the USSR had the representatives in 25 economic regions. Quarter, monthly and decade plans became the basic form of planning during war. According to the military-economic plan accepted by it for IV quarter 1941 and for 1942 mobilization of raw materials, fuel, capacities, and technical shots for performance of military orders was carried out. In the east of the country the basic military-industrial base was developed. The volume of uncivilized output of the industry from June till December, 1941 has decreased almost in 2 times, but in December, 1941 industrial production falling is suspended, and in 1943 production of defensive branches has increased in comparison with 1940 more than in 2 times, labor productivity in defensive branches has grown in 2,2 times. Already in 1944 on national economy restoration considerable capital investments which in 1944 almost in 1,5 times have exceeded mid-annual volume of capital investments in all branches of a national economy in peace years of the first five-years period went. For years of war output in Ural Mountains has grown in 3,6 times, in Siberia — in 2,8 times, in the Volga region — in 2,4 times.
According to requirements of military economy centralization of financial resources, which these years in an overwhelming part have been concentrated directly in the state budget, has been strengthened. Assignments for defense for years of war have made 51 % of expenses. Along with current incomes for financing of a defense cost the budgetary reserves saved up in peace years and free resources of the state enterprises and the economic organizations, introduction of the military tax, the state internal loans and payments of workers in Fund of defense and Fund of Red Army have been used. The let out loans took place on a subscription among the population of the cooperative organizations in extremely short terms — within several days. Soviet Union has carried out re-equipment and material maintenance of mullions-strong army, leaning against own resources. For years of war only small credits from Great Britain, the USA and Canada for payment of military deliveries have been used. Deliveries on lease in the USSR have made of the USA about 4 % of manufacture the industrial production in the country.

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