toefl tpo

TPO 01 4
GROUNDWATER 4
THE ORIGINS OF THEATER 7
TIMBERLINE VEGETATION ON MOUNTAINS 12
TPO 02 16
THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANS 16
DESERT FORMATION 20
EARLY CINEM 23
TPO 03 27
ARCHITECTURE 27
Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer 31
The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems 36
TPO 04 40
Deer Populations of the Puget Sound 40
Cave Art in Europe 44
Petroleum Resources 49
TPO 05 54
MINERALS AND PLANTS 54
THE ORIGIN OF THE PACIFIC ISLAND PEOPLE 58
THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION 62
TPO 06 66
Powering the Industrial Revolution 67
William Smith 70
Infantile Amnesia 75
TPO 07 79
The Geologic History of the Mediterranean 79
Ancient Rome and Greece 83
Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples 86
TPO 08 90
THE RISE OF TEOTIHUACAN 90
EXTINCTION OF THE DINOSAURS 94
RUNNING WATER ON MARS 98
TPO 09 103
Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast 103
REFLECTION IN TEACHING 107
THE ARRIVAL OF PLANT LIFE IN HAWAII 111
TPO 10 115
Chinese Pottery 115
Variations in the Climate 119
Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growth 123
TPO 11 127
Ancient Egyptian Sculpture 127
Orientation and Navigation 131
Begging by Nestlings 135
TPO 12 139
Which Hand Did They Use? 139
Transition to Sound in Film 143
Water in the Desert 148
TPO 13 151
Types of Social Groups 151
Biological Clocks 155
Methods of Studying Infant Perception 159
TPO 14 163
Children and Advertising 163
Maya Water Problems 167
Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia 172
TPO 15 175
A Warm-Blooded Turtle 175
Mass Extinctions 180
Glacier Formation 187
TPO 16 191
Trade and the Ancient Middle East 191
Development of the Periodic Table 196
Planets in Our Solar System 201
TPO 17 204
Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia 204
Animal Signals in the Rain Forest 208
Symbiotic Relationships 212
TPO 18 216
Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia 216
The mystery of yawning 220
Lightning 224
TPO 19 228
THE ROMAN ARMY'S IMPACT ON BRITAIN 228
SUCCESSION, CLIMAX, AND ECOSYSTEMS 231